An arrangement for preparation of a distillation measurement of a liquid includes a heater and a traversing system. The heater supports a perforated plate selected from a group of standardized perforated plates which further supports a container containing the liquid. The heater is enabled and controlled during the performance of a standardized test for determining evaporation properties of the liquid. The traversing system is adapted to traverse the heater and to interrupt a further traversing of the heater, if a pressure force of the perforated plate put onto the heater against the container reaches a threshold value.

To provide a temperature detector without possibility of interruption in temperature detection in detecting a temperature based on a change in oscillation frequency of a crystal element. First and second vibrating regions are formed on a crystal element, the first or the second vibrating region is oscillated with a third harmonic or a fundamental wave by switching switches. A data processing portion obtains frequency change rates of the third harmonic and the fundamental wave in the first vibrating region, and detects the temperature from a difference between them. Further, whether the oscillation of the first vibrating region is abnormal is monitored based on the measurement result of the frequency of the first vibrating region, and when the abnormality is determined, the temperature is detected from similar difference using the second vibrating region.

The invention relates to detecting a composition of a sample or contamination in liquids by detecting corresponding changes in their thermal properties. In a disclosed arrangement, an apparatus is provided comprising a first probe element configured to provide a first surface in direct contact with the sample and a second surface that is not in direct contact with the sample. A measurement system measures a rate of heat transfer through the first surface. A processing unit analyses the measured rate of heat transfer in order to detect a heat transfer characteristic of the sample that is indicative of a composition of the sample.

A method of directly analyzing an environmental sample, such as a crude oil sample, to simultaneously determine distillation ranges, identify elements therein, and/or identify impurities. The method includes performing multi-element scanning thermal analysis (MESTA) on the crude oil sample to obtain a thermogram of the elements within the crude oil sample, wherein peak information within the thermogram indicates presence of the elements, compounds, and/or impurities within the crude oil sample.

A method of directly analyzing an environmental sample, such as a crude oil sample, to simultaneously determine distillation ranges, identify elements therein, and/or identify impurities. The method includes performing multi-element scanning thermal analysis (MESTA) on the crude oil sample to obtain a thermogram of the elements within the crude oil sample, wherein peak information within the thermogram indicates presence of the elements, compounds, and/or impurities within the crude oil sample.

A detachable boiling point detector for brake fluid includes a holding portion and a detecting portion connected to the holding portion. The holding portion has a connecting portion, and an assembling end of the detecting portion is detachably connected to the connecting portion. The detecting portion has a heater and a temperature sensor which are connected to a first port. A first circuit board and a second circuit board are assembled in the holding portion and spaced by a distance. A second port is assembled on the second circuit board and facing the detecting portion. The first port is detachably combined with the second port. When the detecting portion is connected to the holding portion, the first port and the second port are combined with each other at a connection between the assembling end and the connecting portion.

A detachable boiling point detector for brake fluid includes a holding portion and a detecting portion connected to the holding portion. The holding portion has a connecting portion, and an assembling end of the detecting portion is detachably connected to the connecting portion. The detecting portion has a heater and a temperature sensor which are connected to a first port. A first circuit board and a second circuit board are assembled in the holding portion and spaced by a distance. A second port is assembled on the second circuit board and facing the detecting portion. The first port is detachably combined with the second port. When the detecting portion is connected to the holding portion, the first port and the second port are combined with each other at a connection between the assembling end and the connecting portion.

An apparatus for early warning against condensation induced hydraulic shock in a pipe, conveying a fluid present at least in a first part in the vapor phase and, in the case of condensate formation, in a second part in the form of a condensate, comprising at least two temperature sensors, which are arranged in the pipe and, thus, are fluid contacting, and at least one electronics unit, wherein the first temperature sensor is so arranged that it measures the temperature of the vapor, wherein the second temperature sensor is so arranged that it measures the temperature of the condensate, wherein the at least one electronics unit is so embodied that it ascertains the temperature difference between the temperature of the vapor and the temperature of the condensate, and, upon reaching a predetermined limit value for the temperature difference, generates a report.

An apparatus for early warning against condensation induced hydraulic shock in a pipe, conveying a fluid present at least in a first part in the vapor phase and, in the case of condensate formation, in a second part in the form of a condensate, comprising at least two temperature sensors, which are arranged in the pipe and, thus, are fluid contacting, and at least one electronics unit, wherein the first temperature sensor is so arranged that it measures the temperature of the vapor, wherein the second temperature sensor is so arranged that it measures the temperature of the condensate, wherein the at least one electronics unit is so embodied that it ascertains the temperature difference between the temperature of the vapor and the temperature of the condensate, and, upon reaching a predetermined limit value for the temperature difference, generates a report.

The invention relates to detecting a composition of a sample or contamination in liquids by detecting corresponding changes in their thermal properties. In a disclosed arrangement, an apparatus is provided comprising a first probe element configured to provide a first surface in direct contact with the sample and a second surface that is not in direct contact with the sample. A measurement system measures a rate of heat transfer through the first surface. A processing unit analyses the measured rate of heat transfer in order to detect a heat transfer characteristic of the sample that is indicative of a composition of the sample.