A system including a self-adjusting chair is provided. The system includes a chair that is configured to be adjustable to an occupant. The system also includes a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to measure a characteristic of the occupant and to transmit a signal that indicates the characteristic of the occupant. In addition, the system includes a plurality of actuators, wherein each actuator of the plurality of actuators is configured to adjust a property of the chair. Further, the system includes a controller that is configured to receive at least one signal from at least one sensor of the plurality of sensors and to instruct at least one actuator of the plurality of actuators to adjust at least one property of the chair based on at least one characteristic of the occupant.

A method includes applying heat to a metal oxide sensing element of a gas sensor, varying the heat applied to the metal oxide sensing element for at least a time interval, and measuring an electrical resistance of the metal oxide sensing element versus variation of the heat for a time interval. The measurement of electrical resistance of the metal oxide sensing element versus variation of the heat applied to the metal oxide sensing element is compared to a set of corresponding reference measurements associated with a plurality of different target gases. A further sensor parameter versus the variation of electrical resistance and variation of the heat applied is measured to obtain a three-dimensional trajectory corresponding to variation of the sensor resistance, the variation of said heat and the variation of the further sensor parameter. This comparing includes comparing the trajectory in three dimensions to a set of reference three-dimensional objects.

A method includes applying heat to a metal oxide sensing element of a gas sensor, varying the heat applied to the metal oxide sensing element for at least a time interval, and measuring an electrical resistance of the metal oxide sensing element versus variation of the heat for a time interval. The measurement of electrical resistance of the metal oxide sensing element versus variation of the heat applied to the metal oxide sensing element is compared to a set of corresponding reference measurements associated with a plurality of different target gases. A further sensor parameter versus the variation of electrical resistance and variation of the heat applied is measured to obtain a three-dimensional trajectory corresponding to variation of the sensor resistance, the variation of said heat and the variation of the further sensor parameter. This comparing includes comparing the trajectory in three dimensions to a set of reference three-dimensional objects.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide measurement devices and methods for detecting electrical characteristics of devices under test (DUTs), such as semiconductor nanowires. Techniques described herein provide programmable measurement devices that may be implemented in a compact form factor while being able to perform reliable measurements. In some embodiments, measurement devices described herein may be programmed to modulate signals for transmitting to a DUT, and may demodulate signals from the DUTs adaptively using self-programming techniques described herein. Such self-programming may include applying a programmable phase delay to oscillator signals used during demodulation. In some embodiments, such measurement devices may be implemented on a single circuit board, in a single integrated circuit package, or even on a single solid-state semiconductor die. Techniques described herein may enable reliable, inexpensive, and small-scale fluid sample measurement devices.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide measurement devices and methods for detecting electrical characteristics of devices under test (DUTs), such as semiconductor nanowires. Techniques described herein provide programmable measurement devices that may be implemented in a compact form factor while being able to perform reliable measurements. In some embodiments, measurement devices described herein may be programmed to modulate signals for transmitting to a DUT, and may demodulate signals from the DUTs adaptively using self-programming techniques described herein. Such self-programming may include applying a programmable phase delay to oscillator signals used during demodulation. In some embodiments, such measurement devices may be implemented on a single circuit board, in a single integrated circuit package, or even on a single solid-state semiconductor die. Techniques described herein may enable reliable, inexpensive, and small-scale fluid sample measurement devices.

Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

A moisture sensor (100) that comprises a contact surface (105) for contacting a polishing pad (503), and a first, a second and a third electrical contact element (101, 102, 103) electrically isolated from each other, the electrical contact elements (101, 102, 103) being disposed within the moisture sensor (100) so that they are exposed at the contact surface (105). Also a polishing device and a method for measuring the moisture in a polishing pad (503) is disclosed using the moisture sensor (100).

A method and system for estimating parameters of pipes. The method may comprise disposing an electromagnetic (EM) logging tool into a pipe string, creating a log from a first set of one or more measurements, and creating a synthetic model of one or more nested pipes based at least in part on a well plan. The method may further comprise adding a modeled pipe to the synthetic model, estimating one or more parameters of the modeled pipe through model calibration to form a calibrated model, and performing an inversion with the calibrated model to estimate one or more pipe parameters of the pipe string. The system may comprise an electromagnetic logging tool that may comprise a transmitter, wherein the transmitter is a first coil and is operable to transmit an electromagnetic field, and a receiver, wherein the receiver is a second coil and is operable to measure the electromagnetic field.

A material property sensor for a pressure transmitter comprises a sensing pattern immersed in a fill fluid. The pressure transmitter comprises a diaphragm configured for contact with a process fluid at an exterior surface of the diaphragm. The pressure transmitter further comprises a pressure sensor configured for sensing a pressure of the process fluid on the diaphragm. The pressure sensor and the diaphragm define a cavity within which the fill fluid is disposed such that the diaphragm of the pressure sensor is in contact with the fill fluid at an interior surface of the diaphragm. The sensing pattern is immersed in the fill fluid within the cavity and configured to measure an electrical property of the fill fluid at an initial time and at one or more subsequent times during operation of the pressure transmitter.

Some variations provide a system for sensing a chemical active in a coating, the system comprising: a coating disposed on a substrate; a chemical active contained within the coating, wherein the chemical active is mobile within the coating, and wherein the chemical active is ionically and/or electrically conductive; a first electrode and a second electrode configured to measure AC impedance within the coating; and an electrical meter configured in electrical communication with the first and second electrodes to read a signal corresponding to the AC impedance. Some methods comprise: pressing electrodes against the coating; reading out an impedance value; and converting the impedance value to a concentration of the chemical active in the coating. Other methods comprise: adding a solvent to a coating surface; pressing electrodes against a surface region; reading out an impedance value; and converting the impedance value to a concentration of the chemical active in the coating.