The inventive concepts disclosed herein are generally directed to a sensor array device that has a prolonged shelf life but requires only a minimal amount of sample volume in order to test two or more analytes concurrently. In order to ensure the sensor array has a sufficient shelf life, anti-diffusion regions are positioned among the reaction wells in order to slow the processes of diffusion. The use of anti-diffusion regions, as described herein, can be used to optimize the number of sensors that can be fit into a sensor array designed for reduced sample liquid volumes (e.g., less than 100 μL) as well as extending the test strip's shelf life.

The inventive concepts disclosed herein are generally directed to a sensor array device that has a prolonged shelf life but requires only a minimal amount of sample volume in order to test two or more analytes concurrently. In order to ensure the sensor array has a sufficient shelf life, anti-diffusion regions are positioned among the reaction wells in order to slow the processes of diffusion. The use of anti-diffusion regions, as described herein, can be used to optimize the number of sensors that can be fit into a sensor array designed for reduced sample liquid volumes (e.g., less than 100 μL) as well as extending the test strip's shelf life.

A gas sensor including a first sensing component, a second sensing component and a voltage enhancement circuit is provided. The first sensing component is coupled between a first voltage and a first node, where an impedance value of the first sensing component is proportional to a gas concentration. The second sensing component is coupled between the first node and a second voltage, where an impedance value of the second sensing component is inversely proportional to the gas concentration. The voltage enhancement circuit is coupled to the first node to receive a node voltage provided by the first node, and correspondingly provides a gas sensing voltage.

The electrolyte analysis test strip of the present invention includes a substrate extending in one direction. A first ion-sensitive film provided in a specific region on the one end side in the one direction and a first extraction electrode extending from the first ion-sensitive film to the other end side are provided on one main surface of the substrate. A second ion-sensitive film provided in a specific region on the one end side and a second extraction electrode extending from the second ion-sensitive film to the other end side are provided on the other main surface of the substrate. The first ion-sensitive film and the second ion-sensitive film each come into contact with an electrolyte to generate a first potential corresponding to a concentration of a first ion species and a second potential corresponding to a concentration of a second ion species, respectively.

The electrolyte analysis test strip of the present invention includes a substrate extending in one direction. A first ion-sensitive film provided in a specific region on the one end side in the one direction and a first extraction electrode extending from the first ion-sensitive film to the other end side are provided on one main surface of the substrate. A second ion-sensitive film provided in a specific region on the one end side and a second extraction electrode extending from the second ion-sensitive film to the other end side are provided on the other main surface of the substrate. The first ion-sensitive film and the second ion-sensitive film each come into contact with an electrolyte to generate a first potential corresponding to a concentration of a first ion species and a second potential corresponding to a concentration of a second ion species, respectively.

An electrochemical method for measuring the activity of enzymes using nanoelectrode arrays fabricated with vertically aligned carbon nanofibers. Short peptide substrates specific to disease-related enzymes are covalently attached to the exposed nanofiber tips. A redox moiety, such as ferrocene, can be linked at the distal end of the nanofibers. Contact of the arrays with a biological sample containing one or more target enzymes results in cleavage of the peptides and changes the redox signal of the redox moiety indicating the presence of the target enzymes.

An electrochemical method for measuring the activity of enzymes using nanoelectrode arrays fabricated with vertically aligned carbon nanofibers. Short peptide substrates specific to disease-related enzymes are covalently attached to the exposed nanofiber tips. A redox moiety, such as ferrocene, can be linked at the distal end of the nanofibers. Contact of the arrays with a biological sample containing one or more target enzymes results in cleavage of the peptides and changes the redox signal of the redox moiety indicating the presence of the target enzymes.

An ionic current sensor array includes a master bias generator and a plurality of sensing cells. The master bias generator is configured to generate a bias voltage. Each sensing cell includes an ionic current sensor, an integrating capacitor, a sense transistor coupled between the integrating capacitor and the ionic current sensor, and an amplifier coupled to provide a reference voltage to bias the ionic current sensor. The amplifier includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The first transistor is coupled to receive the bias voltage, and the second transistor is coupled to the first transistor to provide the reference voltage to the ionic current sensor. The second transistor is also coupled between a source of the sense transistor and the gate of the sense transistor.

A method for nucleic acid sequencing includes receiving a plurality of observed or measured signals indicative of a parameter observed or measured for a plurality of defined spaces; determining, for at least some of the defined spaces, whether the defined space comprises one or more sample nucleic acids; processing, for at least some of the defined spaces, the observed or measured signal to improve a quality of the observed or measured signal; generating, for at least some of the defined spaces, a set of candidate sequences of bases for the defined space using one or more metrics adapted to associate a score or penalty to the candidate sequences of bases; and selecting the candidate sequence leading to a highest score or a lowest penalty as corresponding to the correct sequence for the one or more sample nucleic acids in the defined space.

One or more computer processors obtain one or more time-dependent signals with one or more sensor pairs in a sensing system, respectively, wherein each of the one or more time-dependent signals are obtained as a differential signal of a respective pair of the one or more sensor pairs by successively sensing a reference liquid and each liquid in a set of liquids to be characterized with the respective pair; extracting one or more sets of features from one or more portions of the one or more time-dependent signals, respectively, each of the one or more portions including a signal portion obtained while sensing each liquid in the set of liquids with said respective pair; and characterize each liquid in the set of liquids based on the one or more extracted sets of features.