A disposable screen-printed microchip based on an organic membrane sensitive layer is presented. The microchip is highly responsive for the determination of Lead(II). The microchip is composed of a composite sensitive material which comprises carbon nano-tubes “CNTs” and titanium (IV) oxide nano-particles embedded in a PVC membrane which was deposited on the surface of a plastic screen printed micro-electrode using a new methodology. The prepared disposable microchip provides a linear response for Pb2+ ions covering the concentration range of 1×10.sup.−6 to 1×10.sup.−1 mole L.sup.−1 with high sensitivity (49 mV), a long life span (>4 months) and short response time (10 s). The merits offered by the micro-sensor or microchip include small size, simple fabrication, mass production, integration feasibility and cost effectiveness and automation.

A compact microelectronic gas sensor module includes electrical contacts formed in such a way that they do not consume real estate on an integrated circuit chip. Using such a design, the package can be miniaturized further. The gas sensor is packaged together with a custom-designed Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that provides circuitry for processing sensor signals to identify gas species within a sample under test. In one example, the output signal strength of the sensor is enhanced by providing an additional metal surface area in the form of pillars exposed to an electrolytic gas sensing compound, while reducing the overall package size. In some examples, bottom side contacts are formed on the underside of the substrate on which the gas sensor is formed. Sensor electrodes may be electrically coupled to the ASIC directly, or indirectly by vias.

An electrochemical sensor for potentiometric measurements in a measurement medium has a sensor head (201) at an end of a longitudinal sensor body (203). A sensing electrode (210) and a reference electrode (220) are disposed within the longitudinal sensor body. A liquid junction (223) is established between the reference electrode and the sensing electrode. The sensor is characterized by a protective outer shaft (250) into which a polymeric tube-like structure (230) is disposed, electrically isolating the protective outer shaft from a reference electrolyte.

This invention is directed to non-invasive devices and methods to detect electrochemically active molecules in a fluid sample of a subject.

This invention is directed to non-invasive devices and methods to detect electrochemically active molecules in a fluid sample of a subject.

An analyte sensor system including a substrate, a first electrode disposed on a first surface of the substrate, a second electrode disposed on a second surface of the substrate, a third electrode provided in electrical contact with at least one of the first or second electrodes, where at least a portion of the first electrode and the second electrode are subcutaneously positioned in a patient, and where the third electrode is substantially entirely positioned external to the patient, and corresponding methods are provided.

A gas sensor having a housing with first and second chambers featuring a porous separator located there between. The first chamber of the sensor being connected to atmosphere via a gas diffusion aperture. The gas sensor having a sensing electrode disposed within the first chamber and at least a second electrode disposed within the second chamber. The sensor having an ionic liquid electrolyte disposed within the second chamber where the sensing electrode and at least second electrodes comprise platinum.

An online calibration system for an electrochemical sensor. The calibration system comprises a calibration electrode coupled with a redox species, where the redox species is configured to control a pH of a reference solution local to the calibration electrode, such that when a voltammetric signal is applied to the calibration electrode the output generated from the calibration system is determined by the local environment pH. The output signal from the calibration system is used to calibrate a reference potential generated by a reference system of the electrochemical sensor to correct for drift in the reference potential when the electrochemical sensor is being used. The calibration electrode may be disposed in a reference cell of the electrochemical sensor.

A structure of an electrochemical unit includes a substrate, a first metal layer disposed on the substrate, and an array of electrochemical cells disposed on the first metal layer. The array of the electrochemical cells includes a plurality of electrochemical cells. Each of the electrochemical cells includes the first metal layer disposed on the substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first metal layer, a polymer layer disposed on the substrate and adjacent to the first metal layer and the first electrode. A second metal layer is disposed on the polymer layer, and a second electrode is disposed on the second metal layer. A pore is constituted between the polymer layers of every the two electrochemical cells. A cavity located above the first electrode is defined between every the two electrochemical cells, wherein the cavity is communicated with the pore.

A sensor system includes a sensor configured to measure a parameter. The sensor system also includes a memory configured to record one or more occurrences when the parameter is outside of a predetermined range. The memory includes a wire, a counter-electrode, and an electrolyte.