A humidity sensor includes a sound wave element configured to transmit a sound wave and receive the sound wave reflected by a reflector, a reception circuit configured to obtain an arrival time of the reflected wave received by the sound wave element, and a humidity analysis circuit configured to calculate humidity by using the arrival time, a distance from the sound wave element to the reflector, and a temperature of a space from the sound wave element to the reflector.

A humidity sensor includes a sound wave element configured to transmit a sound wave and receive the sound wave reflected by a reflector, a reception circuit configured to obtain an arrival time of the reflected wave received by the sound wave element, and a humidity analysis circuit configured to calculate humidity by using the arrival time, a distance from the sound wave element to the reflector, and a temperature of a space from the sound wave element to the reflector.

A method and system are described for processing tissues according to particular processing protocols that are established based on time-of-flight measurements as a processing fluid is diffused into a tissue sample. In one embodiment, measurement of the time it takes about 70% ethanol to diffuse into a tissue sample is used to predict the time it will take to diffuse other processing fluids into the same or similar tissue samples. Advantageously, the disclosed method and system can reduce overall processing times and help ensure that only samples that require similar processing conditions are batched together.

A method and system are described for processing tissues according to particular processing protocols that are established based on time-of-flight measurements as a processing fluid is diffused into a tissue sample. In one embodiment, measurement of the time it takes about 70% ethanol to diffuse into a tissue sample is used to predict the time it will take to diffuse other processing fluids into the same or similar tissue samples. Advantageously, the disclosed method and system can reduce overall processing times and help ensure that only samples that require similar processing conditions are batched together.

A method for determining multi-phase flow properties of a fluid is disclosed. The method includes measuring a first time for a first ultrasonic signal to be emitted from a first transducer into the fluid, reflected off an inner surface of the pipeline, and received back at the first transducer. Measuring a second time for the first ultrasonic signal to be emitted from the first transducer into the fluid and received at a second transducer. Calculating, using the first time and the second time, at least one of: a liquid to gas ratio, a fluid density, a gas holdup, a liquid holdup, and a fluid velocity of the fluid flowing through the pipeline.

A method for determining multi-phase flow properties of a fluid is disclosed. The method includes measuring a first time for a first ultrasonic signal to be emitted from a first transducer into the fluid, reflected off an inner surface of the pipeline, and received back at the first transducer. Measuring a second time for the first ultrasonic signal to be emitted from the first transducer into the fluid and received at a second transducer. Calculating, using the first time and the second time, at least one of: a liquid to gas ratio, a fluid density, a gas holdup, a liquid holdup, and a fluid velocity of the fluid flowing through the pipeline.

A fluid mixture parameter determination (FMPD) system for analyzing a fluid mixture while moving includes a computing system and at least one material model that includes two or more model parameters for a plurality of material compositions stored in the memory. An ultrasonic sensor and a millimeter wave (MMW) sensor are each coupled to sense the fluid mixture and are coupled to the computing system. The ultrasonic sensor is for providing ultrasonic data to the computing system including a velocity of the fluid mixture or a volumetric flow, and a velocity of sound (VoS) through the fluid mixture. The MMW sensor is for providing MMW velocity data to the computing system. The computing system is for utilizing the material model together with the ultrasonic data and the MMW velocity data for identifying parameters including a plurality of components in the fluid mixture and a concentration for the plurality of components.

Various systems and methods for demonstrating acoustic properties of a fenestration unit are provided herein. A system includes a sound demonstration apparatus having a sound insulating member defining an acoustic chamber, wherein the sound demonstration apparatus includes at least one open face. The system also includes a sound emitter operable to be positioned in the acoustic chamber of the sound demonstration apparatus, wherein the sound demonstration apparatus is operable to engage the fenestration unit at the open face of the sound demonstration apparatus. The method includes positioning the sound demonstration apparatus and a fenestration unit, such that the fenestration unit and the sound demonstration apparatus are operably engaged and form an acoustic chamber. The method includes activating a sound emitter.

Various systems and methods for demonstrating acoustic properties of a fenestration unit are provided herein. A system includes a sound demonstration apparatus having a sound insulating member defining an acoustic chamber, wherein the sound demonstration apparatus includes at least one open face. The system also includes a sound emitter operable to be positioned in the acoustic chamber of the sound demonstration apparatus, wherein the sound demonstration apparatus is operable to engage the fenestration unit at the open face of the sound demonstration apparatus. The method includes positioning the sound demonstration apparatus and a fenestration unit, such that the fenestration unit and the sound demonstration apparatus are operably engaged and form an acoustic chamber. The method includes activating a sound emitter.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a fluid sensor apparatus for capturing a filling level and/or a quality of a fluid in a fluid container. The fluid sensor apparatus may include: a printed circuit board having a recess extending at least partially into the printed circuit board along a thickness and a fastening area; an ultrasonic transducer fitted to the fastening area so the ultrasonic transducer extends at least partially over the recess; and a housing at least partially surrounding the printed circuit board and the ultrasonic transducer so a portion of the housing area is arranged in the recess.