Measurement arrangement for determining a constituent substance or quality parameter of water by thermal decomposition in a reaction module, delivery of a reaction product to a detector, and evaluation of a detector signal for deriving a value of the constituent substance or quality parameter, wherein the reaction module is an elongated vessel having internal heating, and has a head section into which the sample is introduced, a reaction zone, as well as a foot section, from which the reaction product is output, wherein the reaction module, the heating, and means for the supply of samples and carrier gas are configured such that during the operation of the measurement arrangement an outer head temperature is T.sub.H80 C., and an outer foot temperature is T.sub.F150 C. at a maximum temperature in the reaction zone of T.sub.MAX1150 C.

The present invention relates a method for early warning analysis of eutrophication of a designed artificial water body, comprising: establishing a three-dimensional model of the designed artificial water according to the data corresponding to a planning scheme of the water body, wherein the three-dimensional model of the designed artificial water body comprises at least the designed artificial water body and surrounding buildings; according to the three-dimensional model of the designed artificial water body, analyzing the designed artificial water body through an ecological simulation technology to obtain at least one of the analysis results including hydrological mobility, hydraulic retention time, algal community composition of source water, designed water depth, water body surface wind field, solar radiation and temperature of the designed artificial water body; and assessing the risk of eutrophication of the designed artificial water body according to at least one of the analysis results of the ecological simulation.

A water quality sensor comprising a fluorescence sensor arrangement 16 operable to measure a fluorescence intensity, a temperature sensor 22 and a turbidity sensor 24, the outputs of which are used in combination to derive a value for the BOD concentration of a sample, wherein the output of the temperature sensor 22 is used to apply a correction to the sensed fluorescence intensity value using the equation

[00001]$F_{\mathrm{ref}}=\frac{F_{\mathrm{mes}}}{1+\left(T_{\mathrm{mes}}-T_{\mathrm{ref}}\right)}$

where F is the fluorescence intensity signal, T is temperature ( C.), and the subscripts mes and ref represent the measured and reference values respectively, and is a temperature compensation coefficient.

The invention simulation device and method for studying the influence of wetland plant litter decomposition on water quality, belongs to the ecological engineering field. The simulation device comprises a distributing reservoir, a planting pool and a discharge bay, and the three are connected successively through a first-level pipeline; the distributing reservoir is used to supply water to the planting pool; the discharge bay is used to collect wastewater discharged from the planting pool; the planting pool comprises a plurality of planting units; the planting unit is a container-like structure and used to hold the planting substrate and plant wetland plants on the planting substrate. By using the simulation device and/or simulation method of the invention, the whole process of the influence of plant litters especially wetland plants litters on water quality under natural state can be highly simulated and restored.

A sensor assembly includes a first sensor and a second sensor. An enclosure is operably coupled to each of the first and second sensors and contains memory that stores compensation data for each of the first and second sensors. A connector is operably coupled to the first and second sensors. A bioreaction sensing assembly as well as a method of manufacturing the bioreaction sensing assembly is also provided.

The disclosure includes an apparatus for determining a measured value in a liquid medium, comprising at least a light transmitter, at least one light receiver assigned to the transmitter, a measuring chamber that can be filled with the medium, wherein an optical path runs through the measuring chamber from the transmitter to the receiver. The apparatus includes a dosing apparatus for dosing at least one reagent and/or the medium, and for inserting the dosed reagent and/or the medium into the measuring chamber. The dosing apparatus is designed as a tube, and the tube includes at least a first control point, wherein the volume in the tube from a starting point to a first control point defines the amount of reagent or medium to be inserted into the measuring chamber. The disclosure further includes the use of the apparatus and a method for dosing the reagent.

An embodiment provides a method for measuring at least one characteristic of an aqueous sample, including: introducing an aqueous sample into a measurement device comprising one or more electrodes; oxidizing a transition metal to produce a higher valent metal by applying an electrical potential between an anode and a cathode of the measurement device; oxidizing, using the higher valent metal as a catalyst, a material within the aqueous sample; measuring a characteristic of the aqueous sample based upon the oxidized material, using a measurement device selected from the group consisting of: an electrochemical measurement device and an optical measurement device; and optimizing the electrical potential and at least one reagent delivered to the measurement device based on the measurement of the characteristic. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Methods for measuring chemical oxygen demand, a composition and a kit useful for measuring chemical oxygen demand, a method for calibrating a chemical oxygen demand analysis method, and a method for determining carbonaceous chemical oxygen demand are disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a method for metering a liquid into a wet chemistry analytical device wherein a specified volume of individual liquids is placed in a metering unit consisting of a metering container and at least one dose measuring device. During the filling of the metering container with the respective liquid, after the activation of the dose measuring device, an additional volume of the liquid is drawn into the metering tube beyond the position of the dose measuring device, wherein during this procedure and afterwards the status of the dose measuring device is checked, and a conclusion is drawn from this regarding the presence of an air bubble-free liquid in the metering tube.

A microbial sensor, system and method that can be used to determine the chemical environment and/or substrate concentrations in saturated and unsaturated natural and environments, such as soils, aquifers and sediments are disclosed. The system may be used for monitoring municipal and industrial treatment facilities and sites where chemicals or contaminants were released to natural environments. The electrochemical microbial sensor system can be referenced using either a cathode exposed to oxygen or a reference cell (silver/silver chloride or calomel) for monitoring natural or man-made environments.