The invention relates to a method and a device for quantitive determination of a number and size of particulate components contained in a medium flowing along a flow channel. Ultrasonic waves are coupled into the flowing medium, which are reflected at least partially by the particulate components and reflected ultrasonic wave portions which are detected in a ultrasonic time signals, on which the quantitive determination is based. Amplitude values associated with the individual ultrasonic time signals, are detected which are each greater than an amplitude threshold value established for each ultrasonic time signal: The detected amplitude values are assigned to values describing the size and the number of the particulate components.

According to one aspect of the invention, a potentiometric sensor having a cathode and an anode. The cathode is configured to provide a summary voltage representative of at least two voltage points. The anode is configured to provide a first voltage. The cathode is in communication with the anode by a first electrolyte forming an open circuit having an open circuit potential. Within the first electrolyte is a concentration of a target ion. The open circuit potential mathematically corresponds to the concentration of the target ion.

A casting solidification analysis method, which can analyze positions of shrinkage cavities more accurately than in the past, a casting method using the above method, and an electronic program are provided.

A following casting solidification analysis method is provided. An amount of expansion/shrinkage for each solidification step length separated by inflection points in a cooling curve is determined, by setting a solid phase ratio at a completion of pouring to 0, setting a solid phase ratio at an end of solidification to 1.0, and determining the expansion/shrinkage amount for the each solidification step length by proportionally distributing the each solidification step length to the total solid phase ratio length.

A casting solidification analysis method, which can analyze positions of shrinkage cavities more accurately than in the past, a casting method using the above method, and an electronic program are provided.

A following casting solidification analysis method is provided. An amount of expansion/shrinkage for each solidification step length separated by inflection points in a cooling curve is determined, by setting a solid phase ratio at a completion of pouring to 0, setting a solid phase ratio at an end of solidification to 1.0, and determining the expansion/shrinkage amount for the each solidification step length by proportionally distributing the each solidification step length to the total solid phase ratio length.

A qualitative and quantitative heavy metal analysis device and, more particularly, a qualitative and quantitative heavy metal analysis device implemented by a rotary platform are provided. The rotary platform device includes a main injection part which is positioned near a rotating shaft of a rotary platform, wherein the main injection part is configured to receive a fluid sample containing heavy metals, a pH adjusting part configured to adjust pH of the fluid sample, a detecting part coated with a chelating agent configured to initiate a color reaction with heavy metals in the fluid sample by spreading the pH-adjusted fluid sample into the detecting part, and a ruler for measuring a spreading distance of the color reaction, wherein the fluid sample moves from the main injection part through the pH adjusting part to the detecting part by a rotation of the rotary platform device.

A qualitative and quantitative heavy metal analysis device and, more particularly, a qualitative and quantitative heavy metal analysis device implemented by a rotary platform are provided. The rotary platform device includes a main injection part which is positioned near a rotating shaft of a rotary platform, wherein the main injection part is configured to receive a fluid sample containing heavy metals, a pH adjusting part configured to adjust pH of the fluid sample, a detecting part coated with a chelating agent configured to initiate a color reaction with heavy metals in the fluid sample by spreading the pH-adjusted fluid sample into the detecting part, and a ruler for measuring a spreading distance of the color reaction, wherein the fluid sample moves from the main injection part through the pH adjusting part to the detecting part by a rotation of the rotary platform device.

This invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a device and method for electrolyte composition analysis based on differential thermal measurements for aluminum electrolysis control. The device is comprised of a metal body including a reference material and an electrolyte sample receptacle, temperature sensors immersed into the reference material and in an electrolyte sample, a system for registration, data processing, and visualization of obtained results. A method includes immersing a metal body into an electrolyte; filling a receptacles with the molten electrolyte; removing and cooling down the metal body having the filled receptacle above a crust on the molten electrolyte surface; drawing and analyzing differential-thermal curves based on which the liquidus temperature, electrolyte superheating and phase and blend compositions of electrolyte solid samples are determined taking into account all crystallizing phases the content of which in the electrolyte sample is no less than 3 wt %.

A measuring method for a liquid metal slide bearing is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the measuring method includes providing a liquid metal slide bearing to be measured, the liquid metal slide bearing including two bearing parts with liquid metal being arranged between the two bearing parts. The method further includes measuring inductance, or a variable associated with the inductance, of the liquid metal slide bearing; and determining a quantity of liquid metal in the liquid metal slide bearing based upon the inductance, or the variable associated with the inductance, measured. Furthermore, a corresponding measuring device, a liquid metal slide bearing and an x-ray tube and an apparatus are disclosed.

A molten metal component estimation device including: an input device configured to receive measurement information about a refining facility including measurement results regarding an optical characteristic; a model database that stores model expressions and model parameters, regarding a blowing process reaction, including a model expression and model parameters representing a relation between the oxygen efficiency in decarburization and a carbon concentration in a molten metal in the refining facility; and a processor configured to: estimate component concentrations of the molten metal including the carbon concentration in the molten metal by using the measurement information, the model expressions and the model parameters; estimate the carbon concentration in the molten metal based on the measurement results; and determine the model expression and the model parameters to be used when estimating the component concentrations of the molten metal, based on the estimation result of the carbon concentration in the molten metal.

A molten metal component estimation device including: an input device configured to receive measurement information about a refining facility including measurement results regarding an optical characteristic; a model database that stores model expressions and model parameters, regarding a blowing process reaction, including a model expression and model parameters representing a relation between the oxygen efficiency in decarburization and a carbon concentration in a molten metal in the refining facility; and a processor configured to: estimate component concentrations of the molten metal including the carbon concentration in the molten metal by using the measurement information, the model expressions and the model parameters; estimate the carbon concentration in the molten metal based on the measurement results; and determine the model expression and the model parameters to be used when estimating the component concentrations of the molten metal, based on the estimation result of the carbon concentration in the molten metal.