The present invention comprises a remote gas monitoring system (RGMS) which improves soil-gas monitoring and data management tasks at landfills and other impacted sites while reducing errors in data collection. The remote gas monitoring system allows for continuous monitoring of landfill soil-gas composition and more efficient and cost-effective operation of a landfill flare system. The invention also comprises a method of controlling the operation of a landfill flare by signaling the flare to begin and cease operation based on predetermined threshold landfill gas concentrations.

A single-wavelength light source is configured to generate an excitation light source. A sample holder that defines an inner cavity is capable of holding a sample and includes a surface transparent to the excitation light source. One or more mounts are attached to at least one of the light source or the sample holder. The mounts are configured to change an incident angle of the excitation light source on the surface. One or more optical components are positioned in a path of a fluorescence emission emitted from the surface and guide the fluorescence emission to a detector. A detector detects an intensity of the fluorescence emission.

A system for use in wirelessly monitoring a pipeline such as a natural gas pipe. The system includes a locator configured to wirelessly transmit power and a subsoil sensor marker located adjacent the pipe and configured to wirelessly communicate with the locator. The sensor marker includes a microcontroller, a memory module, a sensor configured to sense the presence of a gas, and a power module. The power module is configured to harvest a sufficient amount of the power wirelessly transmitted from the locator in order to operate the microcontroller to take a measurement via the sensor, save the measurement in the memory module, and wirelessly transmit the measurement to the locator.

A measured wetness of and a .sup.13C associated with a gas sample from a hydrocarbon formation is received wherein the wetness is a percentage of C2+ by mass. Calculated wetnesses of and .sup.13C values associated with a plurality of gas samples taken from one or more analogous hydrocarbon reservoirs is received. Each wetness is calculated as a percentage of mass within the gas sample. The measured wetness received for the gas sample from among the calculated wetnesses is identified. A .sup.13C is determined from among the .sup.13C values that corresponds to the measured wetness of the gas sample. A gas maturity for the gas sample is determined using the determined .sup.13C.

The present invention is directed to a system and process for monitoring jet fuel quality control procedural compliance. One system of the current invention includes a portable computer in communication with a server over network, an equipment database, and a report module. In exemplary process, jet fuel equipment is input into the system and stored in the equipment database, along with the process for its inspection. Inspector profiles are input into the system. The system facilitates notification of required inspections for a facility. The system presents an interface guiding an inspector through inspection of jet fuel and jet fuel equipment inspections. The input is stored by the system, whereby the report module generate reports based on inspection reports, equipment, and facilities.

A method using a gas reservoir and a critical nozzle for determining physical properties and/or quantities relevant to combustion of gas or gas mixtures, the method includes: flowing a gas or gas mixture under pressure from the gas reservoir through the critical nozzle; measuring pressure drop in the gas reservoir as a function of time; determining a gas property factor (*), dependent on physical properties of the gas or gas mixture, based on the measured values of the pressure drop; and determining a desired physical property or quantity relevant to combustion based on the gas property factor (*) through correlation.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a calorific value measuring device and a calorific value measuring method which enable highly reliable measurement of the calorific value of a by-product gas produced in a steelmaking process. In the present invention, with a by-product gas produced in a steelmaking process being employed as an object gas of which calorific value is to be measured, the refractive index and the sonic speed of the by-product gas are measured so as to compute a refractive index equivalent calorific value Q.sub.O from the value of the refractive index as well as a sonic speed equivalent calorific value Q.sub.S from the value of the sonic speed. On the basis of the concentration X.sub.CO of carbon monoxide gas contained in the by-product gas, an error calorific value Q.sub.CO is computed by Equation (1) below using a value selected within a range of 0.08 to 0.03 as a calorific value equivalent coefficient . On the basis of the refractive index equivalent calorific value Q.sub.O, the sonic speed equivalent calorific value Q.sub.S and the error calorific value Q.sub.CO which have been computed, the calorific value Q of the by-product gas is determined by Equation (2) below using a value selected within a range of 1.1 to 4.2 as a correction factor . $\begin{array}{cc}{Q}_{\mathrm{CO}}=X_{\mathrm{CO}}.Math.& \mathrm{Equation}\left(1\right)\\ Q=Q_0-\frac{Q_0-Q_S}{1-}-Q_C\end{array}$

In a method for calculating saturation of a natural gas hydrate based on a Wood wave impedance method a compressional wave impedance Z.sub.b of a deposit containing the natural gas hydrate can be obtained by compressional wave impedance inversion, and a compressional wave impedance Z.sub.w of the fluid and a compressional wave impedance Z.sub.h of the pure natural gas hydrate can be calculated by measuring relevant elastic parameters in a laboratory, a compressional wave impedance Z.sub.m of a matrix can be calculated on the basis of drilling data and measurement data of the relevant elastic parameters measured in the laboratory, and a porosity can be obtained by utilizing a logging interpretation technique, and the saturation of the natural gas hydrate can be calculated.

A method for determining properties of a hydrocarbon containing gas mixture, especially natural gas or biogas, comprising: allowing the gas mixture to flow through a measuring arrangement; determining a pressure- and temperature dependent viscosity measured value, an associated measured value of temperature and an associated pressure measured value of the flowing gas mixture; ascertaining a first value of a first variable, which characterizes the energy content of the flowing gas mixture, based on viscosity measured value, the associated measured value of temperature, and the associated pressure measured value, wherein the first variable characterizing the energy content is the Wobbe index or the calorific value of the flowing gas mixture, wherein the Wobbe index is preferable.

The present invention relates to a fluid sensing device for a portable electronic device, comprising a fluid sensing means configured to analyze a sampling volume; and a fluid moving means comprising a motionless fluid pumping means using thermal transpiration for moving the sampling volume. It also relates to a portable electronic device comprising such fluid sensing device. Using a motionless fluid pumping means, a sampling volume can be moved at low energy consumption and low noise.