A method, system, and apparatus use infrared spectrometry onboard an internal combustion engine running on a natural gas fuel to detect characteristics of the fuel. At a site having a plurality of natural gas engines, detection of natural gas fuel components and concentrations of the components also is conducted at the site upstream of the point of intake of the natural gas fuel to one or more of the engines. Operating parameters of the engine or a plurality of the engines may be controlled on the basis of the detected composition of the natural gas fuel.

Apparatus for monitoring the quality of gas in a process stream at a subsea location comprises: a container for permanent installation at the location; one or more devices for analysing gas quality, said devices being located in the container; and means for supplying a sample of gas from the process stream to the said one or more devices; wherein the pressure within the container is maintained at or near to atmospheric pressure. The invention also extends to a method of monitoring the quality of gas in a process stream at a subsea location.

A probe including a spectrometer adapted to measure the composition of an oxidizing gas after analysis of at least one portion of a light beam having interacted with said gas. The spectrometer includes: a light source adapted to emit a light beam, an optical device comprising optical elements which are configured to guide, towards the gas to be analyzed, at least one portion of the light beam, and guide, towards a detector, a portion of the light beam having interacted with the gas. Further, the probe includes a cage adapted to be removably installed inside a channel through which the gas to be analyzed flows, the cage is configured to permit a flow of the gas through said cage, and at least one portion of the light beam propagates through the cage so as to be able to interact with the gas.

A method includes providing a length of pipeline that has a housing defining a central bore extending the length of the pipe and a space formed within the housing and extending the length of the pipe. At least one condition within the space is continuously monitored within the space to detect in real time if a change in the housing occurs.

A method for monitoring air quality is described. The method includes measuring ethane and methane using a mobile sensor platform to provide sensor data. The sensor data includes methane data and ethane data captured at a nonzero mobile sensor platform speed. Methane and ethane peak(s) are identified in the sensor data. Correlation(s) between the methane and ethane peak(s) and/or between the methane peak(s) and at least one amount of .sup.13C are determined. A source for the methane is determined based on the correlation.

The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods utilizing regenerative agriculture for the procurement, production, refinement and/or transformation of low carbon intensity transportation fuels, including low carbon intensity biodiesel and/or renewable diesel, low carbon intensity biogasoline, low carbon intensity aviation, marine and kerosene fuels as well as fuel oil blends, low carbon intensity ethanol, and low carbon intensity hydrogen, that may be beneficially commercialized directly to consumers. In further aspects, the systems and methods of the present disclosure advantageously generate low carbon intensity comestibles, including sustainably-sourced meal and/or feed. The disclosed systems and methods may be utilized and optimized such that the resulting fuels and foodstuffs are characterized by a reduction in greenhouse gas production and a diminution in the fertilizer, pesticide and water required for producing the associated crop feedstocks.

A composition analysis device for fuel gas containing inert gas and flammable gas includes: a heating value measurement device for measuring a heating value per unit amount of the fuel gas; a density measurement device for measuring a density of the fuel gas; and a control device including a composition calculation unit for calculating a composition of the fuel gas using the heating value measured by the heating value measurement device and the density measured by the density measurement device.

Systems and methods of the present disclosure generally relate to reporting carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios during a wellbore operation. A method for detecting isotopic ratios during the wellbore operation, comprises receiving a fluid sample from a wellbore during the wellbore operation; passing the fluid sample to an analytical instrument operable to determine isotopic ratios in the fluid sample; outputting data comprising isotopic ratios for at least carbon and hydrogen; assigning a depth to the data; and transmitting the data based on isotopic ratios encountered during the wellbore operation.

The invention discloses a gas hydrate pressure maintaining replacement device and method for in-situ Raman analysis. Comprehensive experiments such as the formation/decomposition/displacement of high-pressure gas hydrates can be realized, and in-situ Raman characterization can be performed. Including reaction kettle system with temperature control unit, pressure control gas supply system, pressure holding system, replacement gas system, sample pre-cooling system, vacuum system and data acquisition and processing system. The device can solve the problem that the Raman peak position of the 512 cage is covered by the Raman peak position of the gas when the high-pressure gas hydrate is characterized in situ in the reaction kettle, at the same time, it solves the problems of sampling difficulties in ex-situ Raman characterization and experimental errors caused by sample transfer.

The disclosure provides a method for measuring energy of natural gas, including determining first energy per unit volume of the target natural gas based on the carbon content; obtaining combustible component information in the target natural gas, and determining second energy per unit volume of the target natural gas based on the combustible component information; determining a difference between the first energy per unit volume and the second energy per unit volume; based on the difference, determining whether the first energy per unit volume and the second energy per unit volume are accurate by a deviation determination model; and if the first energy per unit volume and the second energy per unit volume are accurate, determining the energy of the target natural gas based on the first energy per unit volume, the second energy per unit volume, and the volume of the target natural gas.