A sensor is suggested, comprising a substrate and a first mixed layer arranged on the substrate, the first mixed layer comprising: a molecular probe; a sulfonic acid; and a hydrophilic compound; wherein the molecular probe is selected from: a triarylamine; a biphenyl diamine, a benzene diamine, a diaryl benzamide, and/or a triarylborane.

Disclosed herein is a porous polymeric material having a repeating unit according to Formula (I) or (IV), wherein each of A and E has a π conjugated system and each of X and G contain a flexible tetraphenylethylene (TPE) group. Also disclosed herein are fluorescent chemical sensors or biosensors or environmental monitoring assays or nanosheets or composite materials that include the polymer, and a method of detecting a volatile organic chemical or a metal ion in solution phase. ##STR00001##

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed towards a system and method to dispense an explosive compound onto a substrate. An example device includes a solvent having the explosive compound dissolved in the solvent to form a sample. A delivery mechanism dispenses the sample in a dispersed manner to sufficiently vaporize the solvent to prevent wicking while dispersing a residue of the explosive compound on the substrate to enable detection by explosive detection tools.

Processes, compositions, and sensors for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals based on colorimetric changes. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical includes contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide or a porous mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent is determined to thereby detect exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

Processes, compositions, and sensors for sensing a variety of toxic chemicals based on colorimetric changes. Exemplary process for sensing a toxic chemical includes contacting a toxic chemical, or byproduct thereof, with a sorbent that includes a porous metal hydroxide or a porous mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide and a transition metal reactant suitable to react with a toxic chemical or byproduct thereof. The sorbent is contacted with the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof for a sampling time. A difference between a post-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent and a pre-exposure colorimetric state of the sorbent is determined to thereby detect exposure to, or the presence of, the toxic chemical or byproduct thereof.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating reaction molecular byproducts of pyrotechnic reactions. A closed calorimetry bomb holds pyrotechnic material, which is detonated by a charge. The calorimetry bomb is vented directly into a gas chromatography machine, where gas phase molecules are separated based on their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation. The remaining residual solids within the bomb are extracted and injected into a liquid chromatography instrument where they are separated by their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation pattern. The method provides a complete picture of the reaction pathways and products to aid in regulatory compliance of incorporating energetic materials into real-world applications, particularly those in the family of PFAS containing compositions.

A sample holder for a system for analyzing energetic materials, including a first holder element having a first heating element, the heating element embodied as a resistance heater and having at least one first sample region provided for accommodating a sample. A second holder element having a second heating element, the heating element embodied as a resistance heater and having at least one second sample region provided for being brought into contact with a sample. A device for connecting the holder elements so as to enclose a sample between the first sample region and the second sample region.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed towards a system and method to dispense an explosive compound onto a substrate. An example device includes a solvent having the explosive compound dissolved in the solvent to form a sample. A delivery mechanism dispenses the sample in a dispersed manner to sufficiently vaporize the solvent to prevent wicking while dispersing a residue of the explosive compound on the substrate to enable detection by explosive detection tools.

An explosion-proof electronic system. The system comprises a substantially explosion-proof enclosure, a disk that is free to rotate about an axis, where the disk is located within the enclosure, an optical sensor that is configured to sense rotation of the disk, where the optical sensor is located within the enclosure, and a processor that is coupled to the optical sensor and analyzes a rotation input from the optical sensor to control in part the operation of the electronic system.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed towards a system and method to dispense an explosive compound onto a substrate. An example device includes a solvent having the explosive compound dissolved in the solvent to form a sample. A delivery mechanism dispenses the sample in a dispersed manner to sufficiently vaporize the solvent to prevent wicking while dispersing a residue of the explosive compound on the substrate to enable detection by explosive detection tools.