A method for determining the thickness of a plurality of coating layers. The method comprises the steps of performing a calibration analysis on calibration data to determine initial values and search limits of optical parameters of the plurality of coating layers, irradiating the plurality of layers with a pulse of THz radiation in the range from 0.01 THz to 10 THz, detecting the reflected radiation to produce a sample response derived from the reflected radiation, producing a synthesized waveform using the optical parameters and predetermined initial thicknesses of the layers, varying the thicknesses and the optical parameters within the search limits to minimize the error measured between the sample response and the synthesized waveform, and outputting the thicknesses of the layers.

A method for determining the thickness of a plurality of coating layers. The method comprises the steps of performing a calibration analysis on calibration data to determine initial values and search limits of optical parameters of the plurality of coating layers, irradiating the plurality of layers with a pulse of THz radiation in the range from 0.01 THz to 10 THz, detecting the reflected radiation to produce a sample response derived from the reflected radiation, producing a synthesized waveform using the optical parameters and predetermined initial thicknesses of the layers, varying the thicknesses and the optical parameters within the search limits to minimize the error measured between the sample response and the synthesized waveform, and outputting the thicknesses of the layers.

A method for detecting a phase separation of a waterborne or solvent-borne or solvent-free coating composition includes providing the coating composition in a receptacle; providing a measurement instrument for receiving the receptacle, the measurement instrument including a measurement probe; controlling the measurement instrument to a) displace the measurement probe through the coating composition along a predefined measurement path with a predefined speed profile, the predefined measurement path extending along a length axis of the receptacle, b) acquire a force-displacement profile by measuring a force exercised on the measurement probe while the probe is being displaced along the predefined measurement path with the predefined speed profile; processing the force-displacement profile for detecting at least one phase separation of the coating composition; and outputting a detection result.

A method for detecting a phase separation of a waterborne or solvent-borne or solvent-free coating composition includes providing the coating composition in a receptacle; providing a measurement instrument for receiving the receptacle, the measurement instrument including a measurement probe; controlling the measurement instrument to a) displace the measurement probe through the coating composition along a predefined measurement path with a predefined speed profile, the predefined measurement path extending along a length axis of the receptacle, b) acquire a force-displacement profile by measuring a force exercised on the measurement probe while the probe is being displaced along the predefined measurement path with the predefined speed profile; processing the force-displacement profile for detecting at least one phase separation of the coating composition; and outputting a detection result.

An impurity detection support device includes: a pipe in which a liquid under test flows; a first electrode and a second electrode provided in the pipe, the first electrode and the second electrode being arranged such that an AC voltage is adapted to be applied to or an AC current is adapted to be superimposed on the liquid under test in a space extending between a first position and a second position; a power supply unit that applies an AC voltage or superimposes an AC current between a pair of electrodes; a measurement unit that measures a current or a voltage generated between the pair of electrodes; and a calculation unit that calculates a resistance of the liquid under test using a measurement result of the measurement unit.

Described herein is a sensor for a virtually simultaneous measurement of transmission and/or forward scattering and/or remission and for a simultaneous measurement of the transmission and forward scattering or the transmission and remission of a liquid sample. Further described herein is a method for a virtually simultaneous measurement of transmission and/or forward scattering and/or remission and for a simultaneous measurement of the transmission and forward scattering or the transmission and remission of a liquid sample using a sensor according to the invention. Further described herein is a method for using the sensor according to the invention in order to determine the color properties of painting agents such as lacquers, dyes, pastes, and pigments or dilutions thereof.

Described herein is a sensor for a virtually simultaneous measurement of transmission and/or forward scattering and/or remission and for a simultaneous measurement of the transmission and forward scattering or the transmission and remission of a liquid sample. Further described herein is a method for a virtually simultaneous measurement of transmission and/or forward scattering and/or remission and for a simultaneous measurement of the transmission and forward scattering or the transmission and remission of a liquid sample using a sensor according to the invention. Further described herein is a method for using the sensor according to the invention in order to determine the color properties of painting agents such as lacquers, dyes, pastes, and pigments or dilutions thereof.

The present disclosure is directed toward a method for aligning a radiation head of a terahertz sensor system with a target surface. The method includes: scanning a selected area of the target surface with a terahertz radiation beam emitted by the radiation head; sensing a peak amplitude for each reflected radiation signal from a plurality of reflected radiation signals received by the radiation head during the scanning of the selected area; and identifying a normal position of the radiation head with respect to the target surface based on a maximum peak amplitude from among the peak amplitudes of the reflected radiation signals.

The present disclosure is directed toward a method for aligning a radiation head of a terahertz sensor system with a target surface. The method includes: scanning a selected area of the target surface with a terahertz radiation beam emitted by the radiation head; sensing a peak amplitude for each reflected radiation signal from a plurality of reflected radiation signals received by the radiation head during the scanning of the selected area; and identifying a normal position of the radiation head with respect to the target surface based on a maximum peak amplitude from among the peak amplitudes of the reflected radiation signals.

An inkjet printing device includes a stage; an inkjet head disposed above the stage and comprising nozzles through which ink is discharged, the ink including bipolar elements extending in a direction; an ink circulation part which supplies the ink to the inkjet head, and to which the ink remaining after being discharged from the inkjet head is supplied; and at least one sensing part disposed between the inkjet head and the ink circulation part and sensing a number of the bipolar elements that are discharged through the nozzles.