Electromagnetic systems and corresponding methods for assembling the electromagnetic systems are described. The electromagnetic systems can be used in fluid processing systems that include a plurality of fluid containers, each configured to define a fluid chamber that receives a fluid and a plurality of magnetic particles, and a plurality of electromagnets configured to generate a magnetic field within at least one of the plurality of the fluid containers. The fluid processing system can also include a PCB board that supplies the electromagnets with electrical current by establishing an electrical connection between electrical contact terminals included on the PCB board and spring loaded connections included on each electromagnet. A control component controls the electromagnetic field generated by each electromagnet to generate a plurality of magnetic field gradients within the at least one fluid container sufficient to magnetically influence the plurality of magnetic particles within the fluid in each fluid container.

In an embodiment, an immunochemistry analysing system includes a source of paramagnetic particles, a source of fluid, a cuvette configured to receive the paramagnetic particles and the fluid, a pipette configured to (i) translate so that at least a portion of the pipette is located within the cuvette and (ii) dispense at least one of the paramagnetic particles and the fluid into the cuvette so that the paramagnetic particles and the fluid can be mixed within the cuvette, a motor configured to move the pipette while located in the cuvette, and a control unit configured to vary a motor drive of the motor to cause the pipette to mix the fluid with the paramagnetic particles within the cuvette.

There is provided an automatic analyzer that can reduce a cleaning agent used for cleaning a puddle configured to stir a reagent including a fine particle. An automatic analyzer including a reagent container configured to accommodate a reagent including a fine particle, a puddle configured to stir the reagent, and a cleaning unit configured to immerse the puddle in a cleaning vessel reserving a cleaning agent. The automatic analyzer further includes a determining unit configured to determine whether to totally replace the cleaning agent based on a score computed using a number of times of cleaning the puddle having stirred the reagent in the cleaning unit and a remaining amount of the reagent. When the determining unit determines that the cleaning agent is totally replaced, the cleaning unit displays, on a screen, a notification of total replacement of the cleaning agent, or recommendation of the total replacement.

Described is an automated reagent mixing container for separately storing and automatically mixing together at least two stored reagent components.

According to one embodiment, an automatic analyzing apparatus includes a dispenser, a rod, and control circuitry. The dispenser supplies at least one of a reagent and a specimen. The rod adheres at least one of the reagent and the specimen supplied from the dispenser. The control circuitry inserts the rod to which said at least one of the reagent and the specimen is adhered into a liquid contained in a vessel.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

A preprocessing apparatus uses preprocessing kits prepared for samples, respectively, sets the preprocessing kits in plural processing ports provided so as to correspond to preprocessing items, and executes a predetermined preprocessing item. A controller which controls operations of a carrying mechanism holding and carrying the preprocessing kits, and processing parts executing the preprocessing items in the respective processing ports, includes a processing-state control part, a random access part, and a preprocessing part. The random access part is configured to check availability of a preprocessing port corresponding to a preprocessing item to be executed on a sample contained in a preprocessing kit, and set the preprocessing kit in a processing port if the processing port is available as a processing port corresponding to the preprocessing item. The preprocessing part executes a corresponding preprocessing item on a sample in a preprocessing kit when the preprocessing kit is set in the processing port.

A pretreatment method of an automatic analyzer, in which pretreatments of a plurality of substances to be measured can be performed by a series of treatments using a plurality of magnetic beads that can bind to the plurality of substances to be measured, is achieved. In the pretreatment method of an automatic analyzer, a magnetic bead is added to a sample containing a substance to be measured, the substance to be measured is bound to the magnetic bead, the magnetic bead is extracted from the sample, and the substance to be measured is separated from the magnetic bead by an eluate. A plurality of magnetic beads that bind to a plurality of types of substances to be measured are added to a sample, and the plurality of types of substances to be measured are extracted from the magnetic bead by an eluate.

An inspection apparatus includes a stirring/mixing means for stirring and mixing a sample solution in a batch-type sample container, an excitation light source including a light source that irradiates an irradiation plane of the sample container in the vertical direction, a light-receiving means arranged on the lateral face side of the sample container, and a control means for calculating the number of microorganisms contained in a sample in the sample solution.