A system for extraction of optical properties of a turbid medium by using diffuse reflectometry may include at least one light source, an optical receiver, at least one separator, and at least one processor configured to control the optical receiver, while the radiation is provided to the turbid medium in the radiation input area of the at least one light source, to sequentially open each LC cell from the array of LC cells, and simultaneously receive radiation, passed through the sequentially opened LC cells and corresponding microlenses, by corresponding photodetectors from the array of photodetectors to obtain the distribution of radiation intensity; and extract the optical properties of the turbid medium based on the distribution of radiation intensity.

An analytical device including an optically opaque cladding, a sequencing layer including a substrate disposed below the cladding, and a waveguide assembly for receiving optical illumination and introducing illumination into the device. The illumination may be received from a top, a side edge, and a bottom of the device. The waveguide assembly may include a nanoscale aperture disposed in the substrate and extending through the cladding. The aperture defines a reaction cell for receiving a set of reactants. In various aspects, the device includes a sensor element and the illumination pathway is through the sensor element. Waveguides and illumination devices, such as plasmonic illumination devices, are also disclosed. Methods for forming and operating the devices are also disclosed.

An optical sensor and a method of operating the optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source configured to emit a light, and a path adjuster configured to adjust a traveling path of the light to reflect the light at a first time, and allow the light to pass through the path adjuster at a second time. The optical sensor further includes a light receiver configured to receive a reference light among the reflected light, and receive, among the light passing through the path adjuster, a measurement light related to a target material.

A multiband IR adjunct (MIRA) sensor to spectroscopically determine the content and the concentration of chemical composition of a targeted object, includes a sensor housing, a first front optics in a first optical channel, a second front optics in the first optical channel, an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), a photo detector (PD), a set of back optics in the first optical channel that focuses polarized narrow-band light beams received from the AOTF device onto the PD, the PD converting the polarized narrow-band light beams into an electrical signal, and a data acquisition unit signal-connected to the PD, the data acquisition unit collecting the electrical signals. Multiple optical channels can be provided within the housing to analyze UV/VIS/near infrared (NIR), short-wavelength infrared (SWIR), mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR), and LWIR wavelength ranges respectively.

An optical sensor and a method of operating the optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source configured to emit a light, and a path adjuster configured to adjust a traveling path of the light to reflect the light at a first time, and allow the light to pass through the path adjuster at a second time. The optical sensor further includes a light receiver configured to receive a reference light among the reflected light, and receive, among the light passing through the path adjuster, a measurement light related to a target material.

An imaging flow cytometry apparatus and method which allows registering multiple locations across a cell, and/or across multiple flow channels, in parallel using radio-frequency-tagged emission (FIRE) coupled with a parallel optical detection scheme toward increasing analysis throughput. An optical source is modulated by multiple RF frequencies to produce an optical interrogation beam having a spatially distributed beat frequency. This beam is directed to one or more focused streams of cells whose responsive fluorescence, in different frequencies, is registered in parallel by an optical detector.

Techniques are described for imaging a sample where the techniques include acquiring a raster scan image of the sample, providing light from a light source, directing the light into a plurality of different light beam paths at different times, providing light in each of the plurality of light beam paths through an objective lens to the sample, and providing light in each of the plurality of beams to different locations within the sample. Fluorescence emission light from the sample is detected in response to excitation by light in each of the plurality of light beam paths, where the detected fluorescence emission light corresponds to fluorescence intensity projections of the sample with low mutual coherence, and an image of the sample is generated based on the detected fluorescence emission light and based on the raster scan image.

[Task] To provide an automatic analysis apparatus including a photomultiplier tube which controls a sensitivity of the photomultiplier tube without adjusting a high voltage value. [Solution] An automatic analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes a photomultiplier tube which detects light from a reaction vessel; a determination unit which determines an output signal of the photomultiplier tube in a case where the photomultiplier tube is irradiated with first light; and a control unit which irradiates the photomultiplier tube with second light to lower a sensitivity of the photomultiplier tube in accordance with a determination result by the determination unit.

A gas sensing element reflects light incoming along an optical path on a sensing face. The light reflected by the gas sensing element changes in a characteristic depending on quantity of a specific gas that is in contact with the gas sensing element. Each of a first optical element and a second optical element bends the optical path. The gas sensing element, a light source, a photodetector, and a magnetic field applicator are disposed on the same side with respect to a virtual plane that is perpendicular to an incident plane of the incoming light to the sensing face of the gas sensing element and includes a point on the optical path where light goes out from the first optical element and a point on the optical path where light enters the second optical element.

A system including a sample receptacle configured to receive a test sample and a test strip coupled to the sample receptacle is provided. The test strip configured to generate a signal based on a concentration of a target analyte in the test sample. The system also includes a detector to generate a transduced signal based on the signal and a computer to receive a transduced signal. The computer further determines the concentration of the target analyte in the test sample. For this, the computer retrieves the transduced signal from the detector at multiple time points to determine a signal rate based on a signal value for the time points, and to determine the concentration of the target analyte based on the signal rate and a model. A method and a non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions to use the above system are also provided.