A sample analyzer with an optical detection device and a sample analysis method of the sample analyzer are disclosed. The optical detection device includes a fluid chamber, a light source and a light detector. The fluid chamber includes an illumination zone. An analyte flows through the illumination zone so as to form a sample stream. The light source illuminates the illumination zone to excite cell articles, reacted with a reagent, of the sample stream to emit a light signal. The light detector detects the fluorescent lights and transforms it into an electric signal. The light detector can include a silicon photomultiplier.

Methods and systems for measurement time distribution for referencing schemes are disclosed. The disclosed methods and systems can be capable of dynamically changing the measurement time distribution based on the sample signal, reference signal, noise levels, and SNR. The methods and systems can be configured with a plurality of measurement states, including a sample measurement state, reference measurement state, and dark measurement state. In some examples, the measurement time distribution scheme can be based on the operating wavelength, the measurement location at the sampling interface, and/or targeted SNR. Examples of the disclosure further include systems and methods for measuring the different measurement states concurrently. Moreover, the systems and methods can include a high-frequency detector to eliminate or reduce decorrelated noise fluctuations that can lower the SNR.

A foreign substance inspection apparatus according to the present invention detects a foreign substance on a substrate, and includes a detection unit that includes a light projector configured to project light to a surface of the substrate and a light receiver configured to receive scattered light from the surface, an adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a light quantity of the scattered light received by the light receiver, and a control unit configured to perform foreign substance detection in a state where sensitivity of the detection unit is changed to low sensitivity, after performing foreign substance detection in a state where the sensitivity of the detection unit is set to high sensitivity by adjusting the light quantity of the scattered light received by the light receiver.

A device for measuring and tracking over time the quantity or concentration of a component in a fluid comprises: a sensor capable of measuring a quantity or concentration of the component in the fluid and providing a quantitative signal for tracking this quantity or concentration over time; a signal-processing module comprising a low-pass filter of the quantitative tracking signal; and an output interface for providing the filtered quantitative tracking signal. The signal-processing module comprises an estimator of a value of instantaneous trend of variation of the quantitative tracking signal in a predetermined sliding time window. Also provided is means for adjusting over time a high cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter according to the estimated value of instantaneous trend of variation.

A sample analyzer with an optical detection device and a sample analysis method of the sample analyzer are disclosed. The optical detection device includes a fluid chamber, a light source and a light detector. The fluid chamber includes an illumination zone. An analyte flows through the illumination zone so as to form a sample stream. The light source illuminates the illumination zone to excite cell articles, reacted with a reagent, of the sample stream to emit a light signal. The light detector detects the fluorescent lights and transforms it into an electric signal. The light detector can include a silicon photomultiplier.

A system and method that improves and enhances the quality of step-scan Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy data. The system and method enables the removal of dark voltage with greater accuracy, provides access to previously unobtainable IR spectral information data which is amplified by the disclosed system and method. The system and method removes dark interferogram voltage from an interferogram of interest obtained during nanosecond or microsecond step-scan measurement. The system and method includes a programmable high gain setting to amplify both signal and noise into the analog-to-digital quantization range to allow signal averaging for obtaining additional bits of resolution. The system and method also accounts for and corrects intrinsic offset voltages introduced by the electronics of the disclosed system. The system and method enable precise interferogram measurement and post-laser excitation or provision for other stimuli that result in a material change of state exploration in nanosecond or microsecond speed.

Described are various embodiments of a dynamic Raman signal acquisition system, method and apparatus. In one embodiment, a Raman system comprises: an excitation light source operable at a designated irradiation power and for a designated acquisition time for each Raman data acquisition; a Raman probe operatively associated with said excitation light source to irradiate the biological tissue at said designated irradiation power and for said designated acquisition time, and capture an optical Raman response therefrom; a spectrometer operable to spectrally analyze said optical Raman response; and a controller in operative communication with said excitation light source and said spectrometer to automatically adjust at least one signal acquisition parameter.

An integrated optical component coupled to a circuit board of an aerosol sensor is provided. The integrated optical component comprising a medium including a first, second plane, third plane, wherein the first plane is adjacent to a detection area, the second plane is positioned about a photosensor, and the third plane is opposite an angle formed by an intersection of the first and second plane. The integrated optical component further comprising a first lens configured on the first sidewall, the first lens configured to receive incident light from the detection area and focus the incident light onto a reflector through the medium, the reflector configured on the third sidewall, the reflector configured to reflect the incident light towards a second lens, and the second lens configured on the second sidewall, the second lens configured to receive the incident light from the reflector and focus the incident light to the photosensor.

A sample analyzer with an optical detection device and a sample analysis method of the sample analyzer are disclosed. The optical detection device includes a fluid chamber, a light source and a light detector. The fluid chamber includes an illumination zone. An analyte flows through the illumination zone so as to form a sample stream. The light source illuminates the illumination zone to excite cell articles, reacted with a reagent, of the sample stream to emit a light signal. The light detector detects the fluorescent lights and transforms it into an electric signal. The light detector can include a silicon photomultiplier.

A sample analyzer with an optical detection device and a sample analysis method of the sample analyzer are disclosed. The optical detection device includes a fluid chamber, a light source and a light detector. The fluid chamber includes an illumination zone. An analyte flows through the illumination zone so as to form a sample stream. The light source illuminates the illumination zone to excite cell articles, reacted with a reagent, of the sample stream to emit a light signal. The light detector detects the fluorescent lights and transforms it into an electric signal. The light detector can include a silicon photomultiplier.