An X-ray generation apparatus comprising: an X-ray generating unit; a dispersive crystal whose surface is irradiated with an X-ray generated from the X-ray generating unit in order to monochromatize the X-ray; and a detecting unit that detects an X-ray generated from a sample irradiated with the X-ray monochromatized by the dispersive crystal. The dispersive crystal has a single-bent shape containing the surface that is a concave surface formed by integrating concave curve lines continuously along an axis perpendicular to a plane including the concave curve line. A direction in which a position on the surface irradiated with the X-ray generated from the X-ray generating unit moves is the direction along the axis.

A sample handling apparatus/technique/method for a material analyzer, which provides active, variable concentration of a sample, using a measurement marker introduced into the sample, to measurably concentrate an analyte in a liquid (e.g., water) sample. Active, variable concentration allows otherwise lower level analytes to be concentrated in a measurable way. This enables measurements at higher (e.g., concentrated) levels, which can be extrapolated to obtain their lower, original levels based on the concentration levelmeasured using the introduced marker as a guide. The sample handling apparatus may be used in combination with an optic-enabled x-ray analyzer, the x-ray analyzer including an x-ray engine with an x-ray excitation path and an x-ray detection path, usable during both during the concentration and analyte measurement.

A support structure having multiple highly aligned curved x-ray optics, the support structure having multiple internal partially or fully concentric surfaces upon which said optics are mounted, thereby aligning said optics along a central optical axis thereof and therefore to a source, sample, and/or detector in combination with which the support structure is useable. The surfaces may be nested around the central optical axis; and the support structure may divided longitudinally into sections around the central optical axis by walls. At least one of the x-ray optics comprises a curved diffracting optic, for receiving a diverging x-ray beam and focusing the beam to a focal area, in one embodiment a focusing monochromating optic. In an improved embodiment, an optic comprises a single layer, plastically deformed, LiF optic.

A metal grating structure for X-ray includes a first silicon part having a plate form or a layer form, and a grating portion, wherein the grating portion includes a plurality of second silicon parts formed on the first silicon part, and a plurality of metal parts interposed between the respective adjacent second silicon parts, each of the plurality of metal parts having a deposition start tip part extending toward an inside of the first silicon part.

An X-ray scattering apparatus has a sample vacuum chamber, a sample holder placed inside the sample vacuum chamber for aligning and/or orienting a sample to be analyzed by X-ray scattering, an X-ray beam delivery system having a 2D X-ray source and a 2D monochromator and being arranged upstream of the sample holder for generating and directing an X-ray beam along a beam path in a propagation direction towards the sample holder. An X-ray detector placed inside a diffraction chamber connected to the sample vacuum chamber where the X-ray detector is arranged downstream of the sample holder and is movable, in a motorized way, along the propagation direction so as to detect the X-ray beam and X-rays scattered at different scattering angles, where the X-ray beam delivery system is configured to focus the X-ray beam onto a focal spot on or near the X-ray detector when placed at its distal position.

A doubly bent X-ray spectroscopic device (1) according to the present invention includes: a glass plate (3) which is deformed into a shape having a doubly bent surface by being sandwiched between a doubly curved convex surface (21a) of a convex forming die (21) and a doubly curved concave surface (22a), of a concave forming die (22), that matches the doubly curved convex surface (21a), and being heated to a temperature of 400 C. to 600 C.; and a reflection coating (5) configured to reflect X-rays, which is formed on a concave surface (3a) of the deformed glass plate (3).

An apparatus includes a plurality of stacked flat Bragg diffractors having at least a first flat Bragg diffractor and a second flat Bragg diffractor. The first and second flat Bragg diffractors are positioned sequentially along an x-ray propagation axis of an x-ray beam. The x-ray beam includes x-rays and has an angular beam divergence less than 30 mrad in at least one direction.

A micro beam generation unit capable of simultaneously capturing anisotropic images in a high signal-to-background ratio with a compact configuration and an X-ray small-angle scattering apparatus are provided. A micro beam generation unit 110 generates X-rays having a micro spot size, with which a sample is irradiated, in order to detect diffracted X-rays by a one-dimensional detector or a two-dimensional detector. The micro beam generation unit 110 includes a slit 115 that is provided on an X-ray optical path and reshapes X-rays into parallel beams, and two channel-cut monochromator crystals 117 and 118 that are arranged in arrangement of (+, , , +) and remove parasitic scattering of parallel beams reshaped by the slit. Accordingly, it is possible to simultaneously obtain anisotropic images in a high signal-to-background ratio with a compact configuration.

An X-ray diffraction apparatus for high resolution measurement combines the use of an X-ray source with a target having an atomic number Z less 50 with an energy resolving X-ray detector having an array of pixels and a beta radiation multilayer mirror for selecting the K-beta radiation from the X-ray source and for reflecting the K-beta radiation onto the sample where it is diffracted onto the energy resolving X-ray detector. The sample may in particular be in transmission. The sample may be a powder sample in a capillary.

An apparatus includes a plurality of stacked flat Bragg diffractors having at least a first flat Bragg diffractor and a second flat Bragg diffractor. The first and second flat Bragg diffractors are positioned sequentially along an x-ray propagation axis of an x-ray beam. The x-ray beam includes x-rays and has an angular beam divergence less than 30 mrad in at least one direction.