A fluorescence mode x-ray absorption spectroscopy apparatus includes an electron bombardment source of x-rays, a crystal analyzer, the source and the crystal analyzer defining a Rowland circle having a Rowland circle radius (R), a detector, and at least one stage configured to position a sample such that at least a portion of the sample is between the crystal analyzer and the detector.

Disclosed herein is an image sensor comprising: a plurality of radiation detectors; a mask with a plurality of radiation transmitting zones and a radiation blocking zone; and an actuator configured to move the plurality of radiation detectors from a first position to a second position and to move the mask from a third position to a fourth position; wherein while the radiation detectors are at the first position and the mask is at the third position and while the radiation detectors are at the second position and the mask is at the fourth position, the radiation blocking zone blocks radiation from a radiation source that would otherwise incident on a dead zone of the image sensor and the radiation transmitting zones allow at least a portion of radiation from the radiation source that would incident on active areas of the image sensor to pass through.

A device and method for testing a fiber-composite component, which is to be processed by means of bonding, for the presence of at least one substance out of a selection of possible contaminants. A surface heating device for regional heating of a part-zone of the fiber-composite component to be bonded is performed for desorption of contaminants. A sensor array with a plurality of sensors detects contaminants in the gas phase, and a control device ascertains and signals contaminations which are found. An extractor device can be employed to extract machining dust from the fiber-composite component to a desorption device.

An improved spectroscopic analysis apparatus and method are disclosed, comprising directing a beam of radiation onto a measurement location on a specimen, thereby causing a flux of X-rays to emanate from this location; examining the X-ray flux using a detector arrangement, thus acquiring a spectrum; choosing a set of different measurement directions originating from the location; recording outputs from the detector arrangement for different measurement directions; adopting a spectral model that is a convoluted mix of terms B and L.sub.p, where B is the Bremsstrahlung background spectrum and L.sub.p comprises spectral lines corresponding to the specimen composition at the measurement location; and then automatically deconvolving the set of measurements on the basis of the spectral model to calculate L.sub.p to determine the chemical composition of the specimen at the measurement location. The method includes corrections for differential X-ray absorption within the specimen along the different measurement directions.

One feature pertains to a microdosimeter cell array that includes a plurality of microdosimeter cells each having a semiconductor volume adapted to generate a current in response to incident radiation. The semiconductor volumes of each of the plurality of microdosimeter cells have at least one of a size, a shape, a semiconductor type, and/or a semiconductor doping type and concentration that is associated with one or more cells or cell components of a human eye. A processing circuit is also communicatively coupled to the microdosimeter cell array and generates a signal based on the currents generated by the semiconductor volumes of the plurality of microdosimeter cells. The signal generated by the processing circuit is indicative of an amount of radiation absorbed by the microdosimeter cell array.

An array (1) for detecting electromagnetic radiation is provided for a radiographic inspection system (20). The array has a plurality of detector elements (2) arranged consecutively along a scan line which extends in a first direction (Y). Each of the detector elements has a detection surface (3) for receiving electromagnetic radiation and converting the received electromagnetic radiation into a corresponding detection signal. Each detection surface (3) has a surface normal (4, N) that extends in a common plane (S) and converges into a common focus (5). The common plane (S) extends in the first direction (Y). The distances between the common focus and the detection surfaces along the respective surface normal (4, N) are different for at least two detector elements.

A method and a system for a two-step calibration method for the polychromatic semiconductor-based PCD forward counting model, to account for various pixel summing readout modes for imaging at different resolutions. The flux independent weighted bin response function is estimated using the expectation maximization method, and then used to estimate the pileup correction terms at plural tube voltage settings for each detector pixel. To correct the variation of the detector response due to different PCD sub-pixel summing schemes, the embodiments calibrate forward model parameters based on the various pixel readout modes.

A radiographic imaging apparatus includes a sensor substrate including a flexible base material, and an active area which is provided on a first surface of the base material and in which a plurality of pixels, which accumulate electrical charges generated in accordance with light converted from radiation, are formed; a conversion layer that is provided on the first surface side in the sensor substrate to convert radiation into the light; and a grid that is disposed on a second surface side opposite to the first surface of the base material and has a removal portion that has a mesh-like radiation absorbing member provided between a plurality of partitions in units of a predetermined number of pixels to remove scattered radiation according to the radiation.

An analysis apparatus comprises: a moveable stage assembly; a sample holder on a top surface of the stage assembly; a first photon source and a first photon detector or detector array, the first photon source being configured to emit a first beam of photons that intercepts the surface of a sample at a first location on the sample and the first photon detector or detector array being configured to detect photons that are emitted from the first location; and a second photon source and a second photon detector or detector array, the second photon source being configured to emit a second beam of photons that intercepts the surface of the sample at a second location on the sample, the second location being spaced apart from the first location, and the second photon detector or detector array being configured to detect photons that are emitted from the second location.

Disclosed herein is a method, comprising: for i=1, . . . , M, sending a pencil radiation beam (i) toward an image sensor, wherein the pencil radiation beam (i) is incident on an incident region (i) on an active area of the image sensor, wherein the pencil radiation beam (i) is aimed at a target region (i) on the active area, wherein M is a positive integer, for i=1, . . . , M, determining an offset (i) between the incident region (i) and the target region (i).