A single-piece hybrid droplet generator and nozzle component for serial crystallography. The single-piece hybrid droplet generator component including an internally-formed droplet-generation channel, an internally-formed sample channel, a nozzle, and a pair of electrode chambers. The droplet-generation channel extends from a first fluid inlet opening to the nozzle. The sample channel extends from a second fluid inlet opening to the droplet-generation channel and joins the droplet-generation channel at a junction. The nozzle is configured to eject a stream of segmented aqueous droplets in a carrier fluid from the droplet-generation channel through a nozzle opening of the single-piece component. The pair of electrode chambers are positioned adjacent to the droplet-generation channel near the junction between the droplet-generation channel and the sample channel. The timing of sample droplets in the stream of fluid ejected through the nozzle is controlled by applying a triggering signal to electrodes positioned in the electrode chambers of the single-piece component.

A data processing device is applied to an X-ray system which irradiates an object with continuous X-rays and processes data detected by a photon counting X-ray detection device. An n-dimensional vector corresponding to each of “n” energy regions set a spectrum of the continuous X-rays is calculated for each detector pixel based on the data. For each search region virtually set up based on one or more detector pixels, the n-dimensional vectors at the detector pixels belonging to each search pixel are mutually vector added in the n-dimensional space. The n-dimensional representative vector representing each of the plurality of search regions is calculated. Based on the representative vectors and an unit region having a desired size virtually set in a material space with coordinate information of the degree of attenuation of the X-rays, the information indicating the amount, type and properties of the material of the object is obtained.

An analytic method for improving the efficiency in identifying protein molecular effect information using low resolution x-ray crystallography, by selecting and imaging a protein sample with low resolution x-ray crystallography and assaying the data thus generated as to local ligand strain energy value, followed by calculating a real-space difference density Z for each element and compiling ZDD data therefrom, followed by determining the true protomer/tautomer state of the protein sample by calculating Score.sub.i according to the following equation so that the highest Score.sub.i signifies the molecular effect information:
Score.sub.i={((ZDD.sub.i−μ.sub.ZDD)/σ.sub.ZDD)+((SE.sub.i−σ.sub.SE)/σ.sub.SE)}.

The inventors discovered that viscosity of a protein solution can be estimated by measuring the apparent particle size or apparent molecular weight by a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method or X-ray solution scattering method, which enables measurement of small amounts of samples, and then correlating those measurement results with viscosity of the protein solution.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for preparing engineered porous protein crystals comprising at least one guest molecule.

A motion-based interlock apparatus, system, and method prevent an x-ray source in an x-ray machine from activating if the current relative motion between the x-ray source and an image receptor would compromise the quality of the resulting plain radiograph. The system activates the interlock based on either or both of the velocity and acceleration of the tubehead, as measured by instrumentation corresponding to any of the tubehead, the extension arm, or off board the x-ray machine. The system may preferably compare the measured motion against one or more acceptable motion thresholds. If the measured motion exceeds one or more of the acceptable motion thresholds, exposure may preferably be delayed until the motion of the tubehead subsides. By ensuring that the image is not exposed while the tubehead is moving substantially, the quality of the resultant radiograph is improved.

Electron density map specifying circuitry is configured to accurately reproduce an electron density map of a macromolecule in a solution having a dynamically fluctuating structure. For example, the electron density map circuitry generates a plurality of electron density maps from a measured X-ray scattering profile acquired by measuring a sample, calculates an index representing a degree of coincidence between an X-ray scattering profile calculated from each of the plurality of electron density maps and the measured X-ray scattering profile, and selects a representative electron density map from the plurality of electron density maps based on the calculated index.

The present disclosure relates to methods for compositional analysis of algal biomass, specifically weight percent elemental composition. In at least one embodiment, a method for compositional analysis of an algae sample includes flash combusting a first portion of the algae sample to provide a carbon wt %, a hydrogen wt %, and a nitrogen weight %. The method includes pyrolysing a second portion of the algae sample to provide an oxygen wt %. The method includes scanning a third portion of the algae sample using x-ray fluorescence to provide an elemental intensity. The method includes normalizing the elemental intensity using the carbon wt %, the hydrogen wt %, the nitrogen wt %, and/or the oxygen wt %.

Radiographic imaging system including: an x-ray transmission unit; an x-ray receiver unit; a plate made from a material opaque to x-rays and situated between the transmission unit and the receiver unit, the plate including at least four channels, each channel enabling a part of the x-rays emitted by the transmission unit to pass through the channel; and an image processing unit configured to determine the coordinates of the projected patterns and to calculate a position of the receiver unit from the coordinates of the projected patterns and from the coordinates of the channels.

An imaging system including a scanner and a transport mechanism mounted to the base of the scanner, wherein the transport mechanism includes a gross movement mechanism for transporting the scanner relatively quickly across room distances and a fine movement mechanism for moving the scanner precisely, relative to the object being scanned, during scanning.