A book digitization apparatus includes an emitter that applies an energy ray to a book, a detector that detects an energy ray radiated from the book in response to a material existing in the book, and a three-dimensional data generator that generates data of a plurality of space points in accordance with the detected ray. The data of the space points associates position information of a position in a three-dimensional space within the book with a physical property value used to identify a layout pattern of the material at the position in a direction of thickness of the book.

A book digitization apparatus includes an emitter that applies an energy ray to a book, a detector that detects an energy ray radiated from the book in response to a material existing in the book, and a three-dimensional data generator that generates data of a plurality of space points in accordance with the detected ray. The data of the space points associates position information of a position in a three-dimensional space within the book with a physical property value used to identify a layout pattern of the material at the position in a direction of thickness of the book.

There is provided an X-ray utilized compound measuring apparatus in which troublesome tasks required to dispose a measurement object are reduced and the accuracy or the validity of measurements on multiple kinds of measurement can be improved. The X-ray utilized compound measuring apparatus comprises an X-ray generator 10 that outputs X-rays, a reflected-wave detector 12 that detects a reflected wave of the X-rays emitted from the X-ray generator 10 and reflected by a measurement object 21, a transmitted-wave detector 11 that detects a transmitted wave of the X-rays emitted from the X-ray generator 10 and passing through the measurement object 21, and a control unit that controls the X-ray generator 10 to output X-rays and performs computational processing for obtaining measurement values of a plurality of items on the measurement object 21 using a reflected-wave detection signal output from the reflected-wave detector 12 and representing the reflected wave and a transmitted-wave detection signal output from the transmitted-wave detector 11 and representing the transmitted wave and also performs computational processing for component analysis.

Sensors used in sheet manufacturing environments can be sensitive to the gap between the scanner heads. Nuclear gauges measure both the sheet product and gas in the column between the scanner heads. The gap distance can affect the measurement in a linear or non-linear fashion depending on the sensing principle High frequency vibrations can cause the sensor devices therein to move. Techniques for controlling the sensor gap between operative surfaces on dual scanner heads during measurement operation employs a closed-loop control where piezoelectric actuators are used to maintain a constant gap throughout the scan by closing the error signal on the gap measurement sensor. A system for measuring a property of a continuous sheet includes dual scanner heads housing radiation emitters and receivers. Gap measurement signals energize the actuators that adjust the position of one or both sensor devices to maintain the gap at a desired distance.