The estrogen-regulated gene sequence SHON has been discovered and isolated, and found to be a novel oncogene in mammary carcinoma and significantly associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in breast cancer. The invention encompasses methods for predicting the responsiveness to endocrine therapy for breast cancer and providing a prognosis for disease-free and/or distant metastasis-free survival of a cancer patient.

An in vitro co-culture system comprising cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells for producing and maintaining cancer stem cells and uses thereof for identifying agents capable of reducing cancer cell stemness. Also disclosed herein are a paracrine network through which CAFs facilitate production and/or maintenance of cancer stem cells and the use of components of such a paracrine network for prognosis purposes and for identifying cancer patients who are likely to respond to certain treatment.

Provided herein are methods of detecting cytokine signaling responsiveness in immune cells from a cancer subject and determining risk of relapse of cancer in a subject. The methods include isolating cells from a blood sample from the cancer subject thereby forming an isolated blood cell fraction that includes isolated blood sample cells, mixing the isolated blood sample cells with a cytokine, where the cytokine is selected from TGF, IL-10, IL-4 and IFN, and detecting the responsiveness of the isolated blood sample cells to the cytokine.

An assay and a method for identifying a prebiotic to treat a subject in need thereof to promote intestinal barrier integrity or to blunt an inflammatory response are provided.

The present invention is related to novel methods for identifying a population of subjects that are at risk for developing of atopic allergic diseases, and to the prevention of these allergic diseases.

In accordance with some embodiments herein, methods of determining signatures of HMGB1 isoforms in a subject are provided. In some embodiments, antibodies that bind specifically to HMGB1 isoforms are provided. In some embodiments, immunoassay kits are provided.

Methods of reducing cytokine levels and methods of treating conditions with antibodies that bind colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) are provided. Such methods include, but are not limited to, methods of treating inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using a one or more assays configured to detect a kidney injury marker selected from the group consisting of Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, C-C motif chemokine 1, C-C motif chemokine 17, C-C motif chemokine 21, C-C motif chemokine 27, FLT-3 Ligand, Immunoglobulin G subclass 3, Interleukin-1 receptor type I, Interleukin-20, Interleukin-29, Interleukin-7, Platelet-derived growth factor A/B dimer, Platelet-derived growth factor A/A dimer, and MMP9:TIMP2 complex as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in renal injuries.

The invention disclosed herein describes biomarkers useful for prognosis, selection and monitoring of oncolytic virus therapy for patients with various types of cancer. In particular, the present invention provides identification of proteins whose expression patterns are strongly predictive of the outcome of oncolytic virus therapy in a patient with cancer. The present invention provides a method for identifying and selecting cancer patients who are likely to be non-responsive to onocolytic virus therapy. These patients can be co-administered an agent that stimulates a cell-mediated immune response in the patient with the oncolytic virus or can be administered a therapy other than oncolytic virus therapy.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for detecting the cytokines upregulated in cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicities associated with CAR-T cell toxicity and methods of targeted treatment of cytokines associated with the same.