The present invention concerns methods and tools for analysing biomarkers useful for diagnosing an individual, in particular a newborn, with a respiratory disease, especially a newborn suffering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The method and tools of the invention can in one embodiment be used for very rapidly detecting the ratio between lecithin and sphingomyelin in very small body fluid samples, e.g. gastric aspirate of a newborn. The invention is thus useful for obtaining a rapid treatment of RDS by administration of surfactant.

The present invention is related to novel methods for categorizing and treating a population of subjects that are at risk for increased pulmonary exacerbation and disease progression.

Disclosed herein are methods for diagnosing and treating sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and severe COVID-19 and associated ARDS, and also for treating elderly patients with ARDS induced by sepsis, pneumonia, and COVID-19. The disclosed methods utilize stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1, also known as CXCL12) and the expression level thereof as a biomarker for diagnosing or treating sepsis, ARDS and severe and critical COVID-19.

The present invention relates to the biomarkers for predicting the clinical response to anti-LPS immunoglobulin treatments in patients in need thereof. In particular, the invention provides methods for predicting the clinical response to an anti-LPS immunoglobulin treatment in a patient in need thereof, said method comprising the steps of evaluating the expression of a predictive biomarker selected from the group consisting of CD14, CD68, TLR4, TLR7, IL6, IL8, IL10, IFN-alpha, IGF1, CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, RAGE, GDNF, BCHE, and combination thereof, in said patient.

The present invention relates to mutants of S100A12 having at least one mutation in the high-affinity calcium binding hand or the low-affinity calcium binding hand or the zinc binding region. The present invention also relates to methods of detecting S100A12 dimers in a sample as well as methods of diagnosis using the S100A12 mutant of the invention, as well as to diagnostic compositions and kits comprising such an S100A12 mutant. The present invention further relates to a method of generating an antibody that specifically binds to an S100A12 dimer using the S100A12 mutant of the invention, as well as to an antibody that specifically binds to an S100A12 dimer.

The present invention is related to novel methods for categorizing and treating a population of subjects that are at risk for increased pulmonary exacerbation and disease progression.

The present invention relates to the biomarkers for predicting the clinical response to anti-LPS immunoglobulin treatments in patients in need thereof. In particular, the invention provides methods for predicting the clinical response to an anti-LPS immunoglobulin treatment in a patient in need thereof, said method comprising the steps of evaluating the expression of a predictive biomarker selected from the group consisting of CD14, CD68, TLR4, TLR7, IL6, IL8, IL10, IFN-alpha, IGF1, CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, RAGE, GDNF, BCHE, and combination thereof, in said patient.

This invention concerns methods for monitoring the development of and for treatment of ARDS in a patient. The method for monitoring the development of ARDS is based on comparing the level or activity of the biomarkers obtained in a sample drawn at a later point of time to the levels or activities of the same biomarkers in a sample drawn at a previous point of time. A favorable change in the level or activity of a certain biomarker represents a regression of the disease (recovery of the patient), and, conversely, an adverse change in the level or activity of a certain biomarker represents a worsening of the disease. If, for example, the level or activity for one or more of the biomarkers monitored discontinues to show a favorable change or starts to show an unfavorable change, the treatment of the patient is enhanced by administering a therapeutically active agent useful in the treatment of ARDS. The invention concerns further a method for simultaneous determination of a multiple of biomarkers in a sample from a patient, wherein said biomarkers are related to ARDS. The level or the activity of the biomarkers is determined. The invention also concerns a diagnostic kit useful for carrying out the method, particularly a kit comprising a chip, such as a microarray suitable for use in biochip technology.

Disclosed herein are methods and uses for identifying if a patient is predisposed to experiencing a severe episode of a disease and/or at risk of experiencing a severe episode of a disease, comprising detecting the presence of a biosignature comprising biomarkers as described herein. Also disclosed are methods of selecting medical interventions, evaluating the effectiveness of medical interventions, and of preventing and/or treating a severe episode of a disease, comprising detecting the presence of a biosignature comprising biomarkers as described herein and identifying if a patient is predisposed to experiencing a severe episode of a disease and/or at risk of experiencing a severe episode of a disease. Also disclosed are kits for identifying if a patient is predisposed to experiencing a severe episode of a disease and/or at risk of experiencing a severe episode of a disease, comprising a means for detecting the presence of a biosignature comprising biomarkers as described herein.

The technology described herein is directed to methods of producing or differentiating AT1 cells, and AT1 cells made by the methods described herein.