The present invention provides for methods of identifying cell types and cell subtypes from a biological sample or population of target cells. The methods further provide for determining cell type or cell subtype signatures. The method further provides for bipolar cell subtypes and markers and cell signatures thereof.

Methods for assaying function and/or activity and/or potency of isomerohydrolase proteins are provided.

The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. In particular, LFA-1 antagonists are described herein to be used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. One aspect of the invention provides for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and administration of a LFA-1 antagonist, after the patient is diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy.

Compositions and methods for detecting components of the inflammasome in a sample from a subject as markers for inflammasome-related diseases or disorders such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, NASH, inflammaging or traumatic brain injury. Methods of using such inflammasome markers to determine prognosis, direct treatment and monitor response to treatment for the subject with an inflammasome-related disease or disorder such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, NASH, inflammaging or traumatic brain injury are also described.

Disclosed are non-naturally occurring zebrafish, such as transgenic zebrafish, which comprise a mutation in the rhodopsin (rho) gene. Also disclosed are methods of identifying compounds useful in treating retinal-specific defects and disorders, such as degeneration. Further disclosed are methods of identifying mutations in the rhodopsin gene that can cause retinal-specific defects.

Provided are compositions, devices and systems, methods for assessing, treating and/or preventing an intraocular disease or disorder in a subject, wherein the etiology of the intraocular disease or disorder comprises infection of a microorganism in the intraocular space or cavity of the subject. Provided are compositions, devices and systems, and methods for assessing, treating and/or preventing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a subject, e.g., a human patient.

The instant invention provides methods and compositions related to discovery of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFA1) as a therapeutic target for treatment or prevention of diseases or disorders of neurons that are characterized by angiogenesis, or of vascular diseases of the eye, retinal degeneration and/or tumors more generally. Therapeutic and/or prophylactic uses and compositions of known FFA1 inhibitors, including small molecules and nucleic acid agents, are described. Methods for identification of novel FFA1 inhibitors are also provided.

This disclosure provides a new phagocytosis assay to test the function of RPE cells and photoreceptor progenitors using a pH sensitive fluorescent label.

Antibodies comprising an antigen recognition region which binds a semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) are disclosed. Uses thereof are also disclosed.

In some aspects, methods of detecting complement activation in vivo, e.g., in an eye, are provided. In some embodiments, methods comprise detecting drusen containing or in close proximity to complement activation. In some embodiments methods comprise detecting one or more drusen having inflamed endothelium underlying or in close proximity thereto. In some embodiments methods comprise detecting eye-derived extracellular microvesicles, e.g., exosomes, in a body fluid. In some embodiments any of the methods further comprises treating a subject at risk of developing AMD, GA, or advanced AMD or at increased likelihood of rapid progression of AMD with a complement inhibitor. In some aspects, agents useful for performing one or more of the methods are described.