A first embodiment of a composition for treating vitiligo includes Cassia tora powder, Saussurea lappa root powder, Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) peels powder, and Psoralea corylifolia black seed powder. A second embodiment of a composition for treating vitiligo can include Cassia tora powder, Saussurea lappa root powder, Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) peels powder, Berberries (or Berberis) vulgaris root powder, red clay (with trace copper), and Ptychotis verticillata root powder. Topical administration of the first composition followed by UV radiation exposure can facilitate inducing melanogenesis as well as generating ROS. Topical administration of the second composition following the UV radiation exposure can scavenge the ROS generated by the first composition.

The disclosure provides methods of preventing, ameliorating or treating disruption of mitochondrial function and symptoms thereof. The methods provide administering aromatic-cationic peptides in effective amounts to prevent, treat or ameliorate the disruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in a cell such as that found in a subject suffering from, or predisposed to a mitochondrial disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to a subject suffering from, or at risk for a mitochondrial disease or disorder, an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to subjects in need thereof.

Biomarkers are provided that are associated with or predictive of a subject's responsiveness to a JAK inhibitor. The biomarkers, compositions, and methods described herein are useful in selecting appropriate treatment modalities for a subject having, suspected of having, or at risk of developing vitiligo.

The disclosure provides methods of preventing, ameliorating or treating disruption of mitochondrial function and symptoms thereof. The methods provide administering aromatic-cationic peptides in effective amounts to prevent, treat or ameliorate the disruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in a cell such as that found in a subject suffering from, or predisposed to a mitochondrial disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering to a subject suffering from, or at risk for a mitochondrial disease or disorder, an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to subjects in need thereof.

In alternative embodiments are provided methods, devices and systems that use clinical data to determine whether bilirubin binding is normal in a newborn infant with hyperbilirubinemia in order to detect in vivo neurologically toxic levels of bilirubin and to determine whether treatment is needed to prevent a bilirubin-induced neurological injury (e.g. encephalopathy). In alternative embodiments, also provided are devices and systems comprising automated micro-fluid handling technologies such as zone fluidics systems to obtain a bilirubin binding panel. In alternative embodiments, also provided are methods for using the bilirubin binding panel to determine if treatments are needed to ameliorate, reverse, or prevent a bilirubin-induced neurological injury (e.g. encephalopathy) in an individual in need thereof such as a newborn with hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice), and for commencing the treatment, if needed.

A first embodiment of a composition for treating vitiligo includes Cassia tora powder, Saussurea lappa root powder, Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) peels powder, and Psoralea corylifolia black seed powder. A second embodiment of a composition for treating vitiligo can include Cassia tora powder, Saussurea lappa root powder, Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) peels powder, Berberries (or Berberis) vulgaris root powder, red clay (with trace copper), and Ptychotis verticillata root powder. Topical administration of the first composition followed by UV radiation exposure can facilitate inducing melanogenesis as well as generating ROS. Topical administration of the second composition following the UV radiation exposure can scavenge the ROS generated by the first composition.

A method to identify target genes or proteins for regulating melanogenesis or pigmentation and to screen for compounds for manipulation of melanogenesis or pigmentation, the method of screening for candidate compounds for regulating melanogenesis or pigmentation, includes bringing test compounds into contact with cells capable of expressing mortalin and/or Hsp60 in vitro, and selecting, from among the test compounds, a compound that changes the expression level of mortalin and/or Hsp60.

In alternative embodiments are provided methods, devices and systems that use clinical data to determine whether bilirubin binding is normal in a newborn infant with hyperbilirubinemia in order to detect in vivo neurologically toxic levels of bilirubin and to determine whether treatment is needed to prevent a bilirubin-induced neurological injury (e.g. encephalopathy). In alternative embodiments, also provided are devices and systems comprising automated micro-fluid handling technologies such as zone fluidics systems to obtain a bilirubin binding panel. In alternative embodiments, also provided are methods for using the bilirubin binding panel to determine if treatments are needed to ameliorate, reverse, or prevent a bilirubin-induced neurological injury (e.g. encephalopathy) in an individual in need thereof such as a newborn with hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice), and for commencing the treatment, if needed.

An improved connectivity mapping method for identifying connections between a potential skin care agent associated with an instance and genes associated with a skin hyperpigmentation condition. The system includes a non-transitory computer readable medium having a plurality of instances stored thereon, and a biased gene expression signature associated with a skin condition. The biased condition signature is constructed by filtering an unbiased condition signature through a benchmark signature.

A method of evaluating the health of skin, containing the steps of: preparing a lipid sample from a collected sample of a stratum corneum of a test subject; quantitatively determining respective contents of one kind of ceramide component A and one kind of ceramide component B included in the prepared lipid sample prepared from a collected sample of a stratum corneum of the test subject; calculating the content ratio of the quantitatively determined content of the ceramide component A to the quantitatively determined content of the ceramide component B; and evaluating the health of the skin of the test subject from the calculated content ratio;
wherein the ceramide component A is selected from the group consisting of a non-hydroxyacyl-phytosphingosine ceramide, a non-hydroxyacyl-6-hydroxysphingosine ceramide component, an esterified -hydroxyacyl-6-hydroxysphingosine ceramide component and an esterified -hydroxyacyl-phytosphingosine ceramide component; and the ceramide component B is selected from the group consisting of a non-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine ceramide and an -hydroxyacyl-sphingosine ceramide component.