The present invention is the protein of lactoferrin, or an encoding nucleic acid of the same, for use in the diagnosis or prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The invention is a method of diagnosis or prognosis of AD in a subject, comprising assessing the level of lactoferrin in the saliva or in a saliva sample of said subject and determining whether said level is above or below a value of 7.43 μg/ml, wherein a value below 7.43 μg/ml is indicative of AD or of the prognosis of AD. Another aspect is the protein of lactoferrin, or an encoding nucleic acid of the same, for use in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a saliva sample of a subject.

Alpha-Synuclein mutants and uses thereofare disclosed herein. The mutants of the present invention are non-self-aggregating forms of Alpha-Synuclein which make them a suitable candidate for use as substrates in aggregation assay for evaluating the presence of misfolded α-Syn protein. Also disclosed are kits and method for detection of synucleinopathies in individuals, using the mutants of the present invention.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting the presence or absence of Parkinson's disease (PD).

The present invention relates to methods for identifying high molecular mass lipids in samples. Such high molecular mass lipids may be useful as biomarkers for the identification of disease.

The present invention relates to inhibitors of HERV proteins comprising HERV Env and/or Gag, or fragments thereof, for use in treating a tauopathy, Parkinson's disease, or ALS (Amyothrophic Lateral Sclerosis). The present invention further relates to inhibitors of receptors which bind HERV Env proteins for use in treating a tauopathy, Parkinson's disease, or ALS (Amyothrophic Lateral Sclerosis). The present invention further relates to molecules binding to HERV Env and/or Gag, or fragments thereof, or to a nucleic acid molecule encoding said HERV Env and/or Gag, or fragments thereof, for use in diagnosing a tauopathy, Parkinson's disease, or ALS.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for the treatment, identification, diagnosis, and prognosis of dystonia, or dystonia related disorders.

The invention relates to inhibitors of CDK12 (cyclin-dependent kinase 12), and there use in the treatment or prevention of a disorder in a subject caused by the generation of repeat expansion transcripts.

The present application relates to a non-human mammal model of a human neurodegenerative disorder, methods of producing the non-human mammal model, and methods of using the non-human mammal model to identify agents suitable for treating a neurodegenerative disorder. The present application also relates to methods of treating neurodegenerative disorders and restoring normal brain interstitial potassium levels.

Methods of detecting, preventing, treating, controlling or managing progressive neurodegenerative diseases are provided. These methods comprise the administration of antibodies that reduce or eliminate monocytes that abnormally express Astrotactin (ASTNI), or block blood monocytes that abnormally express ASTNI from migrating to the central nervous system. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions that comprise antibodies that specifically target the extracellular domain (ECD2) of ASTNI for the prevention, treatment, control or management of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.

In one aspect, antibodies that specifically bind to a phosphorylated Rab protein are provided. In some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a phosphorylated human Rab10 protein and recognizes an epitope within or comprising the sequence AGQERFH(pT)ITTSYYR (SEQ ID NO:123). In some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a phosphorylated human Rab8a protein and recognizes an epitope within or comprising the sequence QERFR(pT)ITTAY (SEQ ID NO:125). Methods and materials for detecting LRRK2 and Rab protein are also provided.