Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the treatment of a brain injury. The method involves administering to a subject who has had a brain injury an agent that inhibits sST2, or an agent that upmodulates IL-33. Methods for preventing a poor functional prognosis, as well as identifying a subject at risk of a poor functional prognosis following a brain injury are also provided herein.

Disclosed herein are methods of aiding in a diagnosis of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a subject suspected of having sustained or known to have sustained an injury to the head, by detecting at least one biomarker, wherein the at least one biomarker is glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

The present invention discloses a method for diagnosing stroke utilizing gene expression signatures. The method facilitates to distinguish a body fluid sample of a subject suffered from stroke and a body fluid of a control sample from a subject not likely to suffer from stroke. The method further enables to differentiate cardioembolic stroke from large artery atherosclerosis stroke in the subject. The method further enables to detect a presence of atrial fibrillation in the subject. The method further enables to detect the presence of atrial fibrillation from cardioembolic stroke, and not due to atrial fibrillation and large artery atherosclerosis stroke.

A specific antibody for detecting the blood brain barrier early injury of cerebral ischemic stroke is characterized by specifically identifying KTRRKMDRYDKSNIL in degradation fragments of an occludin protein, but not identifying the full-length occludin protein. Therefore, the antibody can be used for specifically detecting the blood brain barrier early injury of the cerebral ischemic stroke, and can eliminate the influence of the full-length occludin protein in serum on a detection result, so that the specificity and accuracy of detecting the blood brain barrier early injury of the cerebral ischemic stroke are obviously improved.

The present invention relates to methods of detecting a neural injury biomarker in a biological sample. The method includes subjecting a biological sample to an assay according to the present invention that produces a measurable signal and detecting the measurable signal. The presence or absence of the measurable signal indicates the presence or absence of the biomarker in the sample. The present invention also relates to methods of determining the state of a subject's neural injury. The present invention also relates to systems and devices useful in carrying out the methods of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method for assessing whether a subject has experienced one or more silent infarcts in a subject, said method comprising a) determining the amounts of the biomarkers Osteopontin, cardiac Troponin, a natriuretic peptide and FABP-3 in a sample from the subject, b) comparing the amounts determined in step a) to references, and c) assessing whether a subject has experienced one or more silent infarcts. The present invention further relates to a method for predicting silent infarcts and/or cognitive decline, and methods for assessing and monitoring of the extent of silent small and large noncortical and cortical infarcts in a subject. Further encompassed by the present invention are the corresponding uses.

Protein biomarkers may be used to rapidly and accurately diagnose stroke. Biomarkers may be utilized in a rapid and inexpensive test that could be used at the bedside or ambulatory setting to definitively indicate the presence or absence of stroke and its severity. Such a test would quickly stratify patients in need of immediate stroke treatment from those who are not having a stroke. The test may aid emergency personnel in the decision for the most appropriate treatment plan and treatment location, thereby minimizing morbidity and mortality of stroke patients.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems of determining whether a subject’s levels of GFAP, UCH-L1, or GFAP and UCH-L1 are elevated in a sample collected from the subject. The methods comprise determining whether the levels of GFAP, UCH-L1, or GFAP and UCH-L1 are elevated in the sample, and communicating the determination on or from an instrument. The methods may be used to aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of a subject (e.g., a human subject) that has sustained or may have sustained an injury to the head, such as to determine whether the subject is suffering from a mild, moderate, severe, or moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for inhibiting, preventing, ameliorating, reducing, or treating cardiovascular diseases, for example, stroke, traumatic brain injury, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and/or diseases associated with fibrin activity or dysfunction. These methods and compositions involve antibodies that can bind to Galectin-3 and inhibit, prevent, ameliorate, reduce, or treat the cardiovascular diseases in a patient by reducing inflammation and/or inhibiting oligomerization of proteins associated with pathology such as amyloid beta or fibrin.

A specific antibody for detecting the blood brain barrier early injury of cerebral ischemic stroke is characterized by specifically identifying specifically identifying DHYETDYTTGGESC in degradation fragments of an occludin protein, but not identify ing the full-length occludin protein. Therefore, the antibody can be used for specifically detecting the blood brain barrier early injury of the cerebral ischemic stroke, and can eliminate the influence of the full-length occludin protein in serum on a detection result, so that the specificity and accuracy of detecting the blood brain barrier early injury of the cerebral ischemic stroke are significantly improved.