A method for evaluating a subject for a biological condition associated with metal metabolism includes sampling positions along a biological sample of the subject to obtain several ion samples. Each ion sample corresponds to a position on the biological sample and each position represents an amount of growth of the biological sample. The obtained ions are analyzed with a mass spectrometer thereby obtaining a plurality of traces. Each such trace represents a concentration of a corresponding elemental isotope, in a plurality of elemental isotopes, over time. A set of features is derived from the traces. Each feature is determined by a variation of a single isotope or a combination of isotopes in the plurality of traces. The set of features is inputted into a trained classifier to obtain a probability that the subject has the biological condition associated with metal metabolism.

Provided herein are methods for diagnosing a psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or psychosis, predicated on a determination of a methylation phenotype of the subject based in part on the identity of a specific polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and the analysis of a suite of biomarkers and other functional measures and indices. Also provided herein are methods for predicting prognosis and functional outcomes for subjects having a psychotic disorder, and for treating subjects having a psychotic disorder.

The invention provides methods of identifying schizophrenia patients at risk for relapse. The invention also provides methods of early detection of schizophrenic relapse. The disclosed methods use monitoring of a subset of symptoms and/or one or more biomarkers. The symptom severity can be assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) parameters. The methods of the invention can be used to provide early intervention to decrease or prevent relapse in schizophrenia patients.

The present disclosure relates to exosomal complement mediators, cytokines, and mitochondrial electron transport biomarkers and diagnostic and prognostic methods for depression, psychosis and schizophrenia. The disclosure also provides compositions for detecting exosomal complement mediators, cytokines, and mitochondrial electron transport biomarkers in biological samples as well as compositions and methods useful for treating depression, psychosis and schizophrenia.

The present invention provides combinations of biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis and differentiation of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The present invention therefore provides methods of differentiating, diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, by examining relevant proteins and RNA in a patient sample.

Compositions and methods for the detection and treatment of schizophrenia are provided.

The invention provides methods of identifying schizophrenia patients at risk for relapse. The invention also provides methods of early detection of schizophrenic relapse. The disclosed methods use monitoring of a subset of symptoms and/or one or more biomarkers. The symptom severity can be assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) parameters. The methods of the invention can be used to provide early intervention to decrease or prevent relapse in schizophrenia patients.

Disclosed is an antibody which binds to olanzapine, which can be used to detect olanzapine in a sample such as in a competitive immunoassay method. The antibody can be used in a lateral flow assay device for point-of-care detection of olanzapine, including multiplex detection of aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in a single lateral flow assay device.

The invention concerns a method for detecting indicators for determining diseases (disease indicators), in which aggregates of misfolded proteins play a role, and a method for selective quantitation and/or characterization of these disease indicators.

The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, by increasing or decreasing proline levels. Further provided are methods of predicting and monitoring the clinical response in a patient, and diagnostic systems for identifying a patient likely to benefit from proline modulation.