The present invention relates to a method for optimizing drug therapy treatment of patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Bipolar Disorder (BD), a method of optimizing drug dosage for treatment of ADHD and BD, a method of treating ADHD and BD, and a kit. The present method may also be used to adjust medication doses for individual patients.

Disclosed herein is a method for predicting or diagnosing psychiatric disorders through analyzing skin tissues samples minimally invasive or non-invasively collected. The method disclosed herein makes it possible to diagnose psychiatric disorders through objective biomarkers at a very early age, without giving pain to subjects because of noninvasive or minimally invasive feature of skin sample collection method.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including SNAP5114 as an active ingredient. A Git1 gene-deficient hetero (+/) mouse, confirmed to have increased amount of GABA in the brain striatum that controls hyperactivity, can be used as an animal model of ADHD, and by confirming that hyperactivity is ameliorated by administering SNAP5114 to the Git1 gene-deficient hetero (+/) mouse, SNAP5114 is provided as a therapeutic agent for ADHD.

The present invention provides methods to modulate key elements along the DAG signaling pathway as well as a diagnostic assay, device and methods of using the same to diagnose bipolar disorder (BD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods to identify diagnostic markers and drug targets for BD and ADHD. Methods of identifying effective compounds responsible for membrane potentials and excitabilities influencing bipolar disorder (BD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods of identifying an effective compound that modulates the activity of Ca.sup.2+/CaM enzyme and compounds involved in changing the K.sup.+ gradient across the plasma membrane thereby increasing or decreasing the membrane potential ratio (MPR) values. The invention provides methods of identifying a compound that modulates the activity of PKC which is an important protein of the DAG signaling pathway. Methods of identifying a compound that modulates DAG and its related enzymes along the DAG signaling pathway are provided. These compounds decrease or increase the membrane potential ratio (MPR) in BD and ADHD patients.

Methods for selecting a medication for a patient are described that include determining the patient's genotype for a panel of genes, identifying a phenotype associated with the genotype for each gene, and selecting the medication based on the phenotype.

Contemplated test kits, diagnostic apparatus and methods using same for food sensitivity are based on rational-based selection of food preparations with established discriminatory p-value. Kits and diagnostic apparatus include those with a minimum number of food preparations that have an average discriminatory p-value of 0.07 as determined by their raw p-value or an average discriminatory p-value of 0.10 as determined by FDR multiplicity adjusted p-value. In further contemplated aspects, compositions and methods for food sensitivity are also stratified by gender to further enhance predictive value.