Isolated polypeptides that possess an a-sheet structure are disclosed that can be used to treat or diagnose amyloid diseases.

Provided is a method, and pharmaceutical composition, to treat or prevent cyanide poisoning and/or methylmercaptan poisoning comprising administering to a subject in need an effective amount of tetrathionate by intramuscular injection or by intranasal administration. Also provided is a method for detecting the presence of tetrathionate in a sample by reacting it with cyanide and measuring the resulting thiocyanate with ferric nitrate.

A method of treating or preventing gonadal or uterine toxicity induced by an agent in a subject is provided. Accordingly there is provided a method comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), thereby treating or preventing the gonadal toxicity induced by the agent. Also provided is, a method comprising determining gonadal function in a subject; and administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of PEDF, thereby treating or preventing the gonadal toxicity induced by the agent. Also provided is a PEDF for use in the treatment or prevention of gonadal toxicity induced by an agent in a subject. Also provided are cell culture, a medium, a kit and method for improving oocyte quality ex-vivo.

The present disclosure relates to acetaminophen protein adducts and methods of diagnosing acetaminophen toxicity using the acetaminophen protein adducts. The present disclosure provides acetaminophen (APAP)-protein adducts and methods of detecting acetaminophen-induced toxicity in a subject using APAP-protein adducts. One aspect of the present disclosure provides an APAP-protein adduct for diagnosing acetaminophen-induced toxicity. According to the present disclosure, the inventors have identified proteins that are modified by N-acetyl-pbenzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) in subjects with acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Non-limiting examples of proteins modified by NAPQI include betaine-homocysteine 5-methyltransferase 1, cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase, 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme, formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase, and dystrophin.

A dual immunosensor was fabricated on graphene/gold nanoparticle modified screen-printed electrodes and used for simultaneous of the six snake and two scorpion species venoms within wide linear ranges. The electrodes were first modified with two chemical linkers (cysteamine/phenylene diisothiocyanate) in order to facilitate the immobilization of the antibodies through covalent binding. The species specific GPH-GNP/cysteamine/PDITC/SPCE immunosensor was tested with six different snake species venoms and two specific venoms from scorpion species. The detection was observed by monitoring the reduction peak current variation after the venom binding using square wave voltammetry, in presence ferro/ferricyanide redox system.

The invention provides compositions and methods for using PltA, PltB, CdtB, or a mutant thereof, in inducing or enhancing an immune response.