A timing device is provided herein. The timing device includes a housing defining an aperture in a surface thereof. An elongated member is extendable from the housing. A wheel is attached to an interior surface of the housing. An encoder is operably coupled to the wheel and is configured to calculate a rotational velocity of the wheel. A controller is configured to calculate a linear velocity of the elongated member based on the rotational velocity of the wheel.

A human-powered vehicle control device includes an electronic controller that controls a motor. The motor assists in propulsion of a human-powered vehicle including a transmission configured to change, in steps, a first ratio of a rotational speed of a drive wheel to a rotational speed of a rotary body to which human drive force is input. The controller changes a motor control state from a third control state to a fourth control state when the first ratio is changed by the transmission or a signal is received for changing the first ratio. The controller changes the motor control state from the fourth control state to a fifth control state in accordance with a value related to at least one of a speed of the human-powered vehicle, the human drive force, an inclination angle of the human-powered vehicle, and a state of a rider of the human-powered vehicle.

A measurement data acquisition section acquires the measurement data indicating at least one from among the position, the orientation, the velocity, the acceleration, the angular velocity, and the angular acceleration measured by the sensor. A measurement-data-with-settings generation section generates measurement data with settings including the measurement data and coordinate system setting data indicating settings for a coordinate system used for expressing at least one from among the position, the orientation, the velocity, the acceleration, the angular velocity, and the angular acceleration indicated by the measurement data. A measurement-data-with-settings output section outputs the measurement data with settings.

A measurement data acquisition section acquires the measurement data indicating at least one from among the position, the orientation, the velocity, the acceleration, the angular velocity, and the angular acceleration measured by the sensor. A measurement-data-with-settings generation section generates measurement data with settings including the measurement data and coordinate system setting data indicating settings for a coordinate system used for expressing at least one from among the position, the orientation, the velocity, the acceleration, the angular velocity, and the angular acceleration indicated by the measurement data. A measurement-data-with-settings output section outputs the measurement data with settings.

A bicycle speed sensor is provided on a bicycle. The bicycle includes a chain stay, a rear wheel, a brake disk and a positioning member. The rear wheel includes a hub and the brake disk includes a center hole disposed for the hub to pass through. The positioning member passes through the chain stay, the center hole and the hub so that the rear wheel and the brake disk are positioned on the chain stay. The bicycle speed sensor includes a signal transmitter and a signal sensor. The signal transmitter is configured to transmit a signal and disposed on the brake disk. The signal sensor receives the signal from the signal transmitter and is disposed on the chain stay. By fixedly positioning the signal transmitter and the signal sensor at the brake disk and a default position of and the chain stay respectively, displacements of sensor components is prevented to provide reliable sensing data.

A bicycle speed sensor is provided on a bicycle. The bicycle includes a chain stay, a rear wheel, a brake disk and a positioning member. The rear wheel includes a hub and the brake disk includes a center hole disposed for the hub to pass through. The positioning member passes through the chain stay, the center hole and the hub so that the rear wheel and the brake disk are positioned on the chain stay. The bicycle speed sensor includes a signal transmitter and a signal sensor. The signal transmitter is configured to transmit a signal and disposed on the brake disk. The signal sensor receives the signal from the signal transmitter and is disposed on the chain stay. By fixedly positioning the signal transmitter and the signal sensor at the brake disk and a default position of and the chain stay respectively, displacements of sensor components is prevented to provide reliable sensing data.

The present disclosure relates to a system for detecting characteristics of a moving element. The system may include a tubular housing having a tubular first portion having a first end and a second end, with the first end forming an input port and the second end forming an output port. A source of wireless electromagnetic energy projects a wireless electromagnetic energy signal, travelling in a first direction, into the input port and through an interior area defined by the tubular first portion. A signal processing subsystem detects at least one characteristic of the signal after the signal is reflected back to the first end after having interacted with the element as the element moves past the output port of the housing.

The present disclosure relates to a system for detecting characteristics of a moving element. The system may include a tubular housing having a tubular first portion having a first end and a second end, with the first end forming an input port and the second end forming an output port. A source of wireless electromagnetic energy projects a wireless electromagnetic energy signal, travelling in a first direction, into the input port and through an interior area defined by the tubular first portion. A signal processing subsystem detects at least one characteristic of the signal after the signal is reflected back to the first end after having interacted with the element as the element moves past the output port of the housing.

Range and orientation of a transmitter and a receiver are found by detecting the magnetoquasistatic field couplings between coils at the transmitter and receiver. Sum functions and ratio functions are calculated for each of the unique magnetoquasistatic field couplings between the transmitter and the receiver. The sum and ratio functions are inverted to determine the drift-free range and orientation. Linear and angular velocity and acceleration are calculated by applying a filter to reduce noise, and then taking the corresponding derivatives.

Range and orientation of a transmitter and a receiver are found by detecting the magnetoquasistatic field couplings between coils at the transmitter and receiver. Sum functions and ratio functions are calculated for each of the unique magnetoquasistatic field couplings between the transmitter and the receiver. The sum and ratio functions are inverted to determine the drift-free range and orientation. Linear and angular velocity and acceleration are calculated by applying a filter to reduce noise, and then taking the corresponding derivatives.