Techniques are provided for determining a moving body's position and velocity in the presence of motion of a measuring device relative to the body. For example, a swimmer's position and velocity may be determined by compensating for bias that may result from a swimmer's arm swing. This may help avoid over-estimating a swimmer's velocity that results in inaccurate position estimation along the swimmer's path. To compensate for the swimmer's arm swing, an estimate of translational velocity due to arm rotation may be removed, e.g., from pseudo-range rates (PRRs) from satellite positioning system measurements, to reduce the systematic bias errors. A scale factor is applied to an estimated velocity of the swimmer's body to estimate the velocity of a mobile device on the swimmer's wrist, e.g., while above water.

A rotational speed detection device is provided that can detect the rotational speed of a rotating object with high precision by readily controlling a relatively inexpensive and compact optical device, and has a lower cost and a smaller size with maintained or improved detection precision of the rotational speed of the rotating object. The rotational speed detection device includes a light emitting unit (5), a light receiving unit (6), a received light data obtaining unit (13), and a rotational speed calculation unit (15) that calculates the rotational speed of a rotating object (3). The rotating object (3) has an irregular uneven portion (3A) on a rotating surface thereof. The received light data obtaining unit (13) obtains time-series data of received light data of light reflected by the uneven portion (3A). The rotational speed calculation unit (15) calculates the rotational speed of the rotating object (3) from the periodicity of the time-series data.

A rotational speed detection device is provided that can detect the rotational speed of a rotating object with high precision by readily controlling a relatively inexpensive and compact optical device, and has a lower cost and a smaller size with maintained or improved detection precision of the rotational speed of the rotating object. The rotational speed detection device includes a light emitting unit (5), a light receiving unit (6), a received light data obtaining unit (13), and a rotational speed calculation unit (15) that calculates the rotational speed of a rotating object (3). The rotating object (3) has an irregular uneven portion (3A) on a rotating surface thereof. The received light data obtaining unit (13) obtains time-series data of received light data of light reflected by the uneven portion (3A). The rotational speed calculation unit (15) calculates the rotational speed of the rotating object (3) from the periodicity of the time-series data.

A method for identifying a longitudinal jerking of a motor vehicle is provided, wherein a wheel speed of a driven wheel and a wheel speed of a non-driven wheel are recorded and wherein the longitudinal jerking of the motor vehicle is detected on the basis of a change in the measured wheel speeds. The detection of the longitudinal jerking is improved by comparing the change in the wheel speed of the driven wheel with the change in the wheel speed of the non-driven wheel in order to detect a longitudinal jerking as a result of a vibration stimulation in the drive train.

A method for identifying a longitudinal jerking of a motor vehicle is provided, wherein a wheel speed of a driven wheel and a wheel speed of a non-driven wheel are recorded and wherein the longitudinal jerking of the motor vehicle is detected on the basis of a change in the measured wheel speeds. The detection of the longitudinal jerking is improved by comparing the change in the wheel speed of the driven wheel with the change in the wheel speed of the non-driven wheel in order to detect a longitudinal jerking as a result of a vibration stimulation in the drive train.

A velocity calculating device is provided, which can accurately calculate a moving velocity of a movable body without depending on signals obtained externally. A navigation device includes an acceleration acquiring module, an angular velocity acquiring module, a time difference detecting module, and a velocity calculating module. The acceleration acquiring module acquires the vertical acceleration of one of the axle of the front wheels and the axle of the rear wheels. The angular velocity acquiring module acquires a pitch angular velocity of the automobile. The time difference detecting module detects a time difference between the acceleration in the vertical directions and the pitch angular velocity. The velocity calculating module calculates a moving velocity of the automobile based on a rate of a wheelbase with respect to the time difference.

A method for determining a state of credibility of measurements made by sensors of an aircraft is provided. This method includes determining a speed of the aircraft, from static and total pressure measurements, determining a coefficient of lift of the aircraft from an incidence measurement and from said speed, determining a weight of the aircraft, determining if an equation of lift of the aircraft is satisfied, activating a state of optimal credibility, wherein the measurements made by said sensors are considered to be reliable if the said equation of lift is satisfied, activating a state of non-optimal credibility, wherein the measurements of at least one sensor are considered to be unreliable if the said equation of lift is not satisfied.

A method for determining absolute speed of a rail vehicle including onboard sensor devices and a signal processor, wherein the method includes the steps of detecting irregularities in the rail respectively on one front wheel set via a first sensor device and at least on a subsequent wheel set via another sensor device, and transmitting the sensor signals produced by the sensor devices to a signal processor configured to determine the absolute speed by analyzing the supplied sensor signals, where an estimation of the transfer function between a sensor is used, and where an FIR filter can, in this case, optimally reproduce the signal of one sensor via the signal of the other sensor in which the smallest square of the error is formed such that the time offset between both signals can be determined, from which the speed can be determined at a known distance of the sensor.

A motorcycle has a video camera attached thereto in such a manner as to shoot sharp images. A motorcycle includes a camera adapted to shoot a road surface. The camera is arranged below an engine or a swing arm and more rearward than the center of a crankshaft of the engine. The swing arm pivotally supports a rear wheel with a rear edge portion thereof. The camera is fastened to, and supported either by a lower portion of the engine or by a lower portion of a vehicle body frame connected to the engine.

A method for determining a flow condition includes disposing a plurality of sensors on a surface and receiving a first sensor signal and a second sensor signal from the plurality of sensors. The method further includes determining at least one correlation parameter based on the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal. The method also includes receiving a plurality of stored parameters from a database, wherein each of the plurality of stored parameters is representative of a corresponding flow condition. The method also includes comparing the at least one correlation parameter with the plurality of stored parameters and selecting at least one matching stored parameter and determining a matching flow condition based on the at least one matching stored parameter.