A table tennis ball which has, on the spherical surface thereof, a marking to make a ball rotation measurable. The marking contains a number of marking points, which are distributed on the ball surface in such a way that the standard deviation of the lengths of the orthodromes between each of the marking points and the three nearest neighboring points thereof is at least 12% of the average value of these lengths, and the minimum length of the orthodromes between each of the marking points and the three nearest neighboring points thereof is at least 40% of the average value of these lengths.

Methods for reversing determination for a vehicle asset are provided. The methods include capturing by a telematics device coupled to the vehicle acceleration data from a three-axis accelerometer, determining by an edge reversing-determination machine learning mode, a machine-learning-determined reversing indication for the vehicle asset. The edge reversing-determination machine-learning model being updated based on a centralized reversing-determination machine-learning model trained using a vehicle-provided reversing indication.

A magnetic sensor includes a base material, a plurality of magnets provided at predetermined spacing on the base material, and a plurality of magnetic detection parts respectively provided close to the plurality of magnets. Each of the plurality of magnetic detection parts outputs a signal in accordance with change in the magnetic field accompanying deformation of the base material.

A rotation sensor system includes a rotatable target object configured to rotate about a rotational axis in a rotation direction; a first millimeter-wave (mm-wave) metamaterial track coupled to the rotatable target object, where the first mm-wave metamaterial track is arranged around the rotational axis, and where the first mm-wave metamaterial track includes a first array of elementary structures having at least one first characteristic that changes around a perimeter of the first mm-wave metamaterial track; at least one transmitter configured to transmit a first electro-magnetic transmit signal towards the first mm-wave metamaterial track, where the first mm-wave metamaterial track converts the first electro-magnetic transmit signal into a first electro-magnetic receive signal; at least one receiver configured to receive the first electro-magnetic receive signal; and at least one processor configured to determine a rotational parameter of the rotatable target object based on the received first electro-magnetic receive signal.

A system for determining vehicle direction includes an active wheel speed sensor (aWSS), an exciter ring for inducing a change in a signal from the aWSS and a controller. The controller receives a first series of signals from the aWSS, compares them to an array of predefined signals and determines the direction of travel based on the first series of signals matching the array. The controller receives a second series of signals and determines the exciter ring has an anomaly in response to at least one signal in the second series of signals having a first variance. The controller updates the array of predefined signals to include a representation of the first variance to create an array of updated signals. The controller determines the direction of travel based on a subsequent series of signals matching one of the array of predefined signals and the array of updated signals.

A method for using a system including a plurality of first fields and a plurality of second fields fixed to a first device and presenting a first physical characteristic and a second physical characteristic, respectively, the first and second fields being arranged in an alternating manner. First and second sensors are fixed to the second device and arranged to move along the array of fields when the second device moves in relation to the first device. The method includes detecting, by the first sensor and during a movement of the second device in relation to the first device, a transition from the first to the second physical characteristic, or vice versa, simultaneously detecting, by the second sensor, the first or the second physical characteristic, and determining, based on the detected transition and physical characteristic, the direction of movement of the second device in relation to the first device.

A method for determining a speed using a measurement-sensor in a vehicle, the measurement-sensor including at least one coil and a ferromagnetic-transmitter-element, including: changing the inductance of the coil, using an inductive-speed-sensor having at least the coil and the ferromagnetic-transmitter-element; recording a change in the coil inductance, and determining the speed based on the changed coil inductance; in which in each case one inductive-speed-sensor is a wheel-speed-sensor for at least two vehicle wheels, and in which a reversal of the direction of movement of the ferromagnetic-transmitter-element as to the coil or a reversal of the direction of travel of the vehicle from forward travel to reverse travel or from reverse travel to forward travel is recognized based on at least one temporal-phase-offset of the temporal-profiles of the inductances recorded by the wheel-speed-sensors of the at least two wheels. Also described is a related driver assistance system and vehicle.

A method for controlling operation of an opposed piston engine is provided, comprising: determining a direction of rotation of the engine; comparing the determined direction of rotation to a correct direction of rotation of the engine; and responding to the determined direction of rotation being different from the correct direction of rotation by taking corrective action.

In one illustrative configuration, an air quality monitoring system may enable wide-scale deployment of multiple air quality monitors with high-confidence and actionable data is provided. Further, the air quality monitoring system may enable identifying a target emission from a plurality of potential sources at a site based on simulating plume models. The simulation of plume models may take into consideration various simulation parameters including wind speed and direction. Further, methods of determining a plume flux of a plume of emissions at a site, and methods of transmitting data from an air quality monitor are disclosed.

A rotation sensing apparatus includes a detected part, a sensor unit, and a rotation information calculation circuit. The sensor unit includes a first sensor disposed opposite to a first pattern portion, a second sensor disposed opposite to a second pattern portion, a third sensor disposed to be spaced apart from the first sensor in the rotation direction and opposite to the first pattern portion, and a fourth sensor disposed to be spaced apart from the second sensor in the rotation direction and opposite to the second pattern portion. The rotation information calculation circuit is configured to sense the rotation direction, in response to a differential signal, generated based on the first oscillation signal and the second oscillation signal, and an oscillation signal corresponding to maximum and minimum frequencies, from among the first oscillation signal, the second oscillation signal, the third oscillation signal, and the fourth oscillation signal.