The invention relates generally to an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled wireless sensor system using attached and/or embedded passive electromagnetic sensors (PES) with distribution hardware. One embodiment of this invention includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance on a utility's electrical transmission and distribution grid. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance of liquid or gas through a pipeline. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits measurement of breathable air pollutants. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a protective passive electromagnetic sensor pod and passive electromagnetic sensor equipped distribution hardware components is provided.

The invention relates generally to an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled wireless sensor system using attached and/or embedded passive electromagnetic sensors (PES) with distribution hardware. One embodiment of this invention includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance on a utility's electrical transmission and distribution grid. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance of liquid or gas through a pipeline. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits measurement of breathable air pollutants. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a protective passive electromagnetic sensor pod and passive electromagnetic sensor equipped distribution hardware components is provided.

The present disclosure relates to controlling a capacitor bank using current measurements from different current sensors depending on the power flow direction. For example, the system may perform capacitor bank control operations using current measurements from a first current sensor coupled to the power line between an initial source and the capacitor bank when power is flowing in a first power flow direction on the power line. The system may determine that power flow on the power line has changed from flowing in the first power flow direction to flowing in a second power flow direction from an updated source, different from the initial source. The system may, upon detecting the change in the power flow direction perform control operations of the capacitor bank using current measurements from a second current sensor between an updated source and the capacitor bank.

An example welding-type system includes: processing circuitry; and a machine readable storage medium comprising a machine readable instruction, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to: control a first switch to disconnect a motor circuit from a motor power source, the motor circuit comprising a wire feed motor and a second switch; control the second switch to permit current to flow while the first switch disconnects the motor circuit from the motor power source during a test period; and in response to feedback indicative of a current through the motor circuit while the first switch is open and the second switch is closed, detecting a fault condition associated with the motor circuit.

A three-phase load is powered by a PWM (e.g., SVPWM) driven DC-AC inverter having a single shunt-topology. A shunt voltage and a branch voltage of the inverter (across a transistor to be calibrated) are measured during a second period of each SVPWM sector, and the drain-to-source resistance of the calibrated transistor is calculated. During the fourth period of each SVPWM sector, the branch voltage is measured again, and another branch voltage across another transistor is measured. Using the drain-to-source resistance of the calibrated transistor and the voltage across the calibrated transistor measured during the fourth period, the phase current through the calibrated transistor is calculated. Using the other branch voltage measured during the fourth period and the drain-to-source resistance of its corresponding transistor (known from a prior SVPWM sector), the phase current through that transistor is calculated. From the two calculated phase currents, the other phase current can be calculated.

A three-phase load is powered by a PWM (e.g., SVPWM) driven DC-AC inverter having a single shunt-topology. A shunt voltage and a branch voltage of the inverter (across a transistor to be calibrated) are measured during a second period of each SVPWM sector, and the drain-to-source resistance of the calibrated transistor is calculated. During the fourth period of each SVPWM sector, the branch voltage is measured again, and another branch voltage across another transistor is measured. Using the drain-to-source resistance of the calibrated transistor and the voltage across the calibrated transistor measured during the fourth period, the phase current through the calibrated transistor is calculated. Using the other branch voltage measured during the fourth period and the drain-to-source resistance of its corresponding transistor (known from a prior SVPWM sector), the phase current through that transistor is calculated. From the two calculated phase currents, the other phase current can be calculated.

A current sensor for detecting a current based on a terminal voltage and a resistance value of a shunt resistor, includes: a resistance value correction circuit having: correction resistors; a signal application unit; a voltage detection unit that detects terminal voltages of the shunt resistor and a part of the correction resistors in a first period, and terminal voltages of all of the correction resistors in a second period; and a correction unit that corrects the resistance value for current detection based on a calculated resistance value of the shunt resistor. Resistance values and resistance accuracies of the correction resistors are higher as the plurality of correction resistors are disposed farther from the shunt resistor.

A shunt resistor having sufficient bonding strength includes a resistor, a pair of bases which are integrally formed with the resistor so as to sandwich the resistor, recessed holes which are respectively formed in the bases, and measurement terminals which are inserted into the recessed holes and are affixed to the bases. Each measurement terminal has a shaft part and a flange part that protrudes outwardly in the circumferential direction of the shaft part. Each recessed hole is formed to have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the flange part, and the shaft parts are respectively inserted into the recessed holes.

A semiconductor device includes: a first chip to restrict current flow in a first direction through a current path; a second chip to restrict the current flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction, through the current path; a wiring having one end connected to the first chip and the other end connected to the second chip, and provided as a part of the current path by relaying the first chip and the second chip; a lead frame having a first lead arranged and fixed with the first chip and a second lead is arranged and fixed with the second chip; and molding resin sealing the first chip, the second chip, the wiring and the lead frame. The wiring is a shunt resistor having a resistive body. The lead frame further has a sense terminal to detect a voltage drop across the resistive body.

Provided is a current measuring device for measuring current, including a conductor adapted to pass current therethrough, at least a pair of voltage sensing terminals arranged apart from each other on the conductor in the current flowing direction, and a substrate to which the voltage sensing terminals are connected. The substrate is long in the current flowing direction, and connection portion of the substrate that are connected to the voltage sensing terminals are arranged closer to one end side of the substrate in the lengthwise direction.