Systems, devices, and methods for a wide dynamic range current measurement with consumption event analysis are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes analyzing a plurality of a set of input data characteristics from a device under test. The method also includes totalizing the set of input data characteristics. The method also includes determining whether at least one of the plurality of the set of input data characteristics occurs above a quiescent level. Further, the method includes establishing an event in response to determining that at least one of the plurality of the set of input data characteristics occurs above the quiescent level. The method also includes creating a summary statistic based on the plurality of the set of input data characteristics. Further, the method includes storing the summary statistic and the event as a result.

A current sensor including a housing, the housing including a first module adapted to be clamped around a wire part of a power cable; a second module having a processing unit and a communication unit; the first module further including a device to measure the current through the wire of said power cable and to send the measured current to the processing unit through a first communication link. The processing unit includes a first time tracker; where the processing unit further includes software/hardware to increment the first time tracker if the measured current is above a first predetermined threshold and in that the communication unit includes a GSM module adapted to wirelessly transmit the value of the first time tracker.

A DC-to-DC converter includes at least one primary switch, a primary inductor, and a switch rectifier circuit or a switch flyback circuit. A switch driving circuit is structured to drive the at least one primary switch. A fault detection method includes directly or indirectly detecting a voltage waveform or a current waveform of at least one terminal of the primary inductor, and determining whether the at least one primary switch is in a diode rectifying state or in a diode flyback state based on the voltage waveform or the current waveform to detect whether there is a fault in the switch driving circuit.

A DC-to-DC converter includes at least one primary switch, a primary inductor, and a switch rectifier circuit or a switch flyback circuit. A switch driving circuit is structured to drive the at least one primary switch. A fault detection method includes directly or indirectly detecting a voltage waveform or a current waveform of at least one terminal of the primary inductor, and determining whether the at least one primary switch is in a diode rectifying state or in a diode flyback state based on the voltage waveform or the current waveform to detect whether there is a fault in the switch driving circuit.

Described herein is a method including measuring a current in a wire, normalizing the measured current, and comparing the normalized measured current to a control curve. The control curve is a function of a series of normalized current magnitudes and reaction times for corresponding ones of that series of normalized current magnitudes. The method further includes limiting the current in the wire based upon the comparison. The reaction times for ones of the series of normalized current magnitudes are times at which current limitation would occur if the normalized current remained at an associated normalized current magnitude.

An electronic circuit includes first to third transistors. The first transistor has a first channel width and a first channel length and generates a first potential difference by passing an operating current based on a first operating voltage. The second transistor has a second channel width and a second channel length and generates a second potential difference based on the operating current. The third transistor generates a third potential difference based on a second operating voltage and the operating current. A sum of a level of the first operating voltage and a level of the first potential difference corresponds to a sum of a level of the second operating voltage, a level of the second potential difference, and a level of the third potential difference. The first channel width is greater than the second channel width, or the first channel length is longer than the second channel length.

An electronic circuit includes first to third transistors. The first transistor has a first channel width and a first channel length and generates a first potential difference by passing an operating current based on a first operating voltage. The second transistor has a second channel width and a second channel length and generates a second potential difference based on the operating current. The third transistor generates a third potential difference based on a second operating voltage and the operating current. A sum of a level of the first operating voltage and a level of the first potential difference corresponds to a sum of a level of the second operating voltage, a level of the second potential difference, and a level of the third potential difference. The first channel width is greater than the second channel width, or the first channel length is longer than the second channel length.

Provided is a zero-crossing detection circuit capable of detecting zero-crossing with high accuracy without being influenced by noise. The zero-crossing detection circuit includes a first comparison circuit, a second comparison circuit having a hysteresis function, and a logic circuit. The first comparison circuit is configured to output a zero-crossing detection result of a first input signal and a second input signal. The second comparison circuit is configured to output a comparison result of the first input signal and the second input signal. The logic circuit includes a unit configured to determine whether to reflect the zero-crossing detection result to output of the logic circuit based on the zero-crossing detection result and the comparison result.

A calculation method of a machine entropy, a calculation circuit of a machine entropy, a method for implementing time cognition, and an electronic system for implementing time cognition are disclosed. The calculation method of a machine entropy includes: monitoring electrical signals of the electronic system; and calculating the machine entropy, the machine entropy being a sum of change times of characteristic parameters of the electrical signals.

A system and method for monitoring glitch frequency and energy is disclosed. The system includes a glitch capture module that monitors the voltage of a biased component and captures any glitches that occur. The glitch capture module also extends the duration of that glitch so that the controller is guaranteed to observe this glitch. In certain embodiments, the glitch capture module captures the maximum energy of the glitch by storing the minimum voltage, in terms of magnitude, of the glitch.