The present disclosure generally describes a method and system for converting power to operate a load being supplied by line power having a line energy. The method includes rectifying the line power, bucking the rectified line power to generate a desired voltage output such that current is drawn from the line power in phase with the desired voltage output, and bypassing switching energy created during the bucking of the rectified line power.

A control system includes a power converter being a step-down voltage converter and including a power switch. The power converter is operable to generate an adjustable output voltage and includes a sensor circuit configured to measure at least one of a voltage and an electric current of the heater. The control system includes a controller connected to the power converter and the sensor circuit. The controller is configured to determine an input parameter based on the at least one of the voltage and the electric current. The input parameter is indicative of a temperature of the heater. The controller is configured to set the output voltage applied for the heater based on the input parameter and a desired setpoint. The desired setpoint is based on an operational state of the heater. The controller is configured to operate the power switch of the power converter to generate the output voltage.

A control system includes a power converter being a step-down voltage converter and including a power switch. The power converter is operable to generate an adjustable output voltage and includes a sensor circuit configured to measure at least one of a voltage and an electric current of the heater. The control system includes a controller connected to the power converter and the sensor circuit. The controller is configured to determine an input parameter based on the at least one of the voltage and the electric current. The input parameter is indicative of a temperature of the heater. The controller is configured to set the output voltage applied for the heater based on the input parameter and a desired setpoint. The desired setpoint is based on an operational state of the heater. The controller is configured to operate the power switch of the power converter to generate the output voltage.

A semiconductor device includes an analog-digital conversion circuit that converts a voltage at a node between a reference resistor and a sensor resistor into output data, the reference resistor and the sensor resistor being connected in series. The semiconductor device calculates a resistance value of the sensor resistor using a first output data obtained in a first conversion phase and second output data obtained in a second conversion phase. In the first conversion phase, a high potential side voltage is applied to one end of the reference resistor and a low potential side voltage is applied to one end of the sensor resistor. In the second conversion phase, the low potential side voltage is applied to one end of the reference resistor and the high potential side voltage is applied to one end of the sensor resistor.

A semiconductor device includes an analog-digital conversion circuit that converts a voltage at a node between a reference resistor and a sensor resistor into output data, the reference resistor and the sensor resistor being connected in series. The semiconductor device calculates a resistance value of the sensor resistor using a first output data obtained in a first conversion phase and second output data obtained in a second conversion phase. In the first conversion phase, a high potential side voltage is applied to one end of the reference resistor and a low potential side voltage is applied to one end of the sensor resistor. In the second conversion phase, the low potential side voltage is applied to one end of the reference resistor and the high potential side voltage is applied to one end of the sensor resistor.

A clip-on ammeter includes a current measurement unit, an evaluation unit and a USB interface. The current measurement unit records current values and provides the current values as measurement values for transfer purposes. The evaluation unit includes an ND converter and is connected to the current measurement unit. The evaluation unit allows the measurement values to be transmitted in a processable form as USB compatible digital data to the USB interface. The USB interface is connected to the evaluation unit and the USB interface allows the USB compatible data to be made available for transfer purposes to be further processed. The evaluation unit is energized via the USB interface. The clip-on ammeter includes a voltage transformer. The voltage transformer provides a stabilized voltage as a reference voltage for the current measurement unit.

A clip-on ammeter includes a current measurement unit, an evaluation unit and a USB interface. The current measurement unit records current values and provides the current values as measurement values for transfer purposes. The evaluation unit includes an ND converter and is connected to the current measurement unit. The evaluation unit allows the measurement values to be transmitted in a processable form as USB compatible digital data to the USB interface. The USB interface is connected to the evaluation unit and the USB interface allows the USB compatible data to be made available for transfer purposes to be further processed. The evaluation unit is energized via the USB interface. The clip-on ammeter includes a voltage transformer. The voltage transformer provides a stabilized voltage as a reference voltage for the current measurement unit.

The present disclosure generally describes a system that includes a heater, a power converter including a power switch, and a controller. The power converter is in communication with the heater and is operable to apply an adjustable voltage to the heater. The controller is in communication with the power switch to control the voltage output of the power converter based on at least one of a load current and a detected voltage at the heater. The controller operates the power switch to adjust the voltage output of the power converter.

The present disclosure generally describes a system that includes a heater, a power converter including a power switch, and a controller. The power converter is in communication with the heater and is operable to apply an adjustable voltage to the heater. The controller is in communication with the power switch to control the voltage output of the power converter based on at least one of a load current and a detected voltage at the heater. The controller operates the power switch to adjust the voltage output of the power converter.

Provided is a power detection circuit for tracking a maximum power point of a solar cell. The power detection circuit includes: an average voltage extracting unit which extracts an average voltage V.sub.PV,LPF from an external voltage V.sub.PV input from an external energy source; a ripple voltage extracting unit which extracts a ripple voltage including current information of the external voltage V.sub.PV from the external voltage V.sub.PV; a voltage-time converter which generates a ramp voltage V.sub.RAMP changing at a predetermined rate and converts the average voltage V.sub.PV,LPF and the ripple voltage into corresponding time information t.sub.1 and t.sub.2 based on the ramp voltage V.sub.RAMP; a time-digital converter which converts the time information t.sub.2 for the ripple voltage into a digital code t.sub.2 [n:0]; and a time multiplier which multiplies the digital code t.sub.2 [n:0] and the time information t.sub.1 for the average voltage V.sub.PV,LPF to output a specific voltage value.