A short circuit detection apparatus (1) for detection of an electrical short circuit current flowing in at least one monitored current path comprises an evaluation circuit (8) including at least one programmable or preprogrammed arithmetic unit (8A) adapted to perform at least one arithmetic combination operation, ACOP, on a first voltage, UR, provided by a resistive element (6) of the monitored current path and being proportional to the electrical current, I, flowing via the monitored current path and on a second voltage, UL, provided by an inductive element (7) of the monitored current path and depending on a derivative of the electrical current, dI/dt, flowing via the monitored current path to provide a combined sensor voltage, and including a comparator (8D) adapted to compare the combined sensor voltage provided by the programmable or preprogrammed arithmetic unit (8A) with a preset or an adjustable threshold voltage to generate a short circuit detection signal (SCDS) if the combined sensor voltage exceeds the threshold voltage.

A short circuit detection apparatus (1) for detection of an electrical short circuit current flowing in at least one monitored current path comprises an evaluation circuit (8) including at least one programmable or preprogrammed arithmetic unit (8A) adapted to perform at least one arithmetic combination operation, ACOP, on a first voltage, UR, provided by a resistive element (6) of the monitored current path and being proportional to the electrical current, I, flowing via the monitored current path and on a second voltage, UL, provided by an inductive element (7) of the monitored current path and depending on a derivative of the electrical current, dI/dt, flowing via the monitored current path to provide a combined sensor voltage, and including a comparator (8D) adapted to compare the combined sensor voltage provided by the programmable or preprogrammed arithmetic unit (8A) with a preset or an adjustable threshold voltage to generate a short circuit detection signal (SCDS) if the combined sensor voltage exceeds the threshold voltage.

A circuitry is configured to calculate a measured average value based on measured current values obtained in a target period for determination, and determine whether a memory device is an authorized or an unauthorized product, based on a comparison result between a measured average value and a reference average value.

A circuitry is configured to calculate a measured average value based on measured current values obtained in a target period for determination, and determine whether a memory device is an authorized or an unauthorized product, based on a comparison result between a measured average value and a reference average value.

Disclosed are an ultraviolet measuring device, a photodetector, an ultraviolet detector, an ultraviolet index calculation device, and an electronic device or portable terminal including the same. In one aspect, an ultraviolet measuring is provided to comprise: a substrate on which an electrode is formed; a readout integrated circuit (ROTC) unit electrically connected with the electrode; and an aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) based UVB sensor electrically connected with the readout integrated circuit unit and formed on an insulating substrate, wherein the read-out integrated circuit converts a photocurrent input from the UV sensor into a digital signal including UV data.

Disclosed are an ultraviolet measuring device, a photodetector, an ultraviolet detector, an ultraviolet index calculation device, and an electronic device or portable terminal including the same. In one aspect, an ultraviolet measuring is provided to comprise: a substrate on which an electrode is formed; a readout integrated circuit (ROTC) unit electrically connected with the electrode; and an aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) based UVB sensor electrically connected with the readout integrated circuit unit and formed on an insulating substrate, wherein the read-out integrated circuit converts a photocurrent input from the UV sensor into a digital signal including UV data.

Provided is a potential measurement device including: a first substrate having read electrodes arranged in a two-dimensional array; and a second substrate on which the first substrate is stacked, in which each of the read electrodes includes at least one or more AD conversion circuits each having independent correspondence to the read electrode, and at least a part of the AD conversion circuits is arranged in a two-dimensional array on the second substrate.

Provided is a potential measurement device including: a first substrate having read electrodes arranged in a two-dimensional array; and a second substrate on which the first substrate is stacked, in which each of the read electrodes includes at least one or more AD conversion circuits each having independent correspondence to the read electrode, and at least a part of the AD conversion circuits is arranged in a two-dimensional array on the second substrate.

A load sensing circuit includes a load coupled to a load source having a load voltage that causes a load signal to flow through the load. A regulated sink circuit is coupled in series to a sink source and the load, and provides a sink voltage. A comparison circuit a reference signal that establishes a reference value of a second electrical characteristic at a reference input; a sense input is coupled to the load and to the regulated sink circuit. The regulated sink circuit regulates the first electrical characteristic of the load signal, based on a regulation signal, so that a sense value of the second electrical characteristic present at the sense input matches the reference value of the second electrical characteristic. A comparison signal is generated at an output of the comparison circuit, and indicates a difference between the sense value of the second electrical characteristic and the reference value of the second electrical characteristic. A feedback circuit coupled to the comparison output and to the regulated sink circuit, generates the regulation signal based on the comparison signal.

A load sensing circuit includes a load coupled to a load source having a load voltage that causes a load signal to flow through the load. A regulated sink circuit is coupled in series to a sink source and the load, and provides a sink voltage. A comparison circuit a reference signal that establishes a reference value of a second electrical characteristic at a reference input; a sense input is coupled to the load and to the regulated sink circuit. The regulated sink circuit regulates the first electrical characteristic of the load signal, based on a regulation signal, so that a sense value of the second electrical characteristic present at the sense input matches the reference value of the second electrical characteristic. A comparison signal is generated at an output of the comparison circuit, and indicates a difference between the sense value of the second electrical characteristic and the reference value of the second electrical characteristic. A feedback circuit coupled to the comparison output and to the regulated sink circuit, generates the regulation signal based on the comparison signal.