An integrated circuit (IC) is provided with a plurality of diode based mm-wave peak voltage detectors (PVD)s. During a testing phase, a multi-point low frequency calibration test is performed on one or more of the PVDs to determine and store a set of alternating current (AC) coefficients. During operation of the IC, a current-voltage sweep is performed on a selected one of the PVDs to determine a process and temperature direct current (DC) coefficient. A peak voltage produced by the PVD in response to a high frequency radio frequency (RF) signal is measured to produce a first measured voltage. An approximate power of the RF signal is calculated by adjusting the first measured voltage using the DC coefficient and the AC coefficient.

An integrated circuit (IC) is provided with a plurality of diode based mm-wave peak voltage detectors (PVD)s. During a testing phase, a multi-point low frequency calibration test is performed on one or more of the PVDs to determine and store a set of alternating current (AC) coefficients. During operation of the IC, a current-voltage sweep is performed on a selected one of the PVDs to determine a process and temperature direct current (DC) coefficient. A peak voltage produced by the PVD in response to a high frequency radio frequency (RF) signal is measured to produce a first measured voltage. An approximate power of the RF signal is calculated by adjusting the first measured voltage using the DC coefficient and the AC coefficient.

An apparatus includes a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a first detector, and a second detector. A through port of the first directional coupler is coupled to a through port of the second directional coupler. An isolated port of the first directional coupler is coupled to an isolated port of the second directional coupler. A coupled port of the first directional coupler is coupled to the first detector. A coupled port of the second directional coupler is coupled to the second detector. A detected power signal is generated by combining an output of the first detector and an output of the second detector.

An apparatus includes a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a first detector, and a second detector. A through port of the first directional coupler is coupled to a through port of the second directional coupler. An isolated port of the first directional coupler is coupled to an isolated port of the second directional coupler. A coupled port of the first directional coupler is coupled to the first detector. A coupled port of the second directional coupler is coupled to the second detector. A detected power signal is generated by combining an output of the first detector and an output of the second detector.

A direction detecting device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes; a structure having at least two through-holes passing through an upper surface and a lower surface thereof; and at least two electrode units inserted into the at least two through-holes and each including a dielectric layer, a first electrode layer disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer and exposed at the upper surface of the structure, and a second electrode layer disposed on a lower surface of the dielectric layer and exposed at the lower surface of the structure.

A direction detecting device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes; a structure having at least two through-holes passing through an upper surface and a lower surface thereof; and at least two electrode units inserted into the at least two through-holes and each including a dielectric layer, a first electrode layer disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer and exposed at the upper surface of the structure, and a second electrode layer disposed on a lower surface of the dielectric layer and exposed at the lower surface of the structure.

An electrostatic encoder (40) detects the rotation angle of a rotor (42) with great accuracy based on the change in the capacitance between electrodes arranged on a stator (41) and the rotor (42). Detection electrodes (44a to 44d) and transmission electrodes (45a to 45d) are arranged circumferentially and alternately on the stator (41). Detection signals (phase A, phase B) amplitude-modulated based on the rotation of the rotor (42) and having a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees are output from adjacent ones of the detection electrodes. Modulated signals (V1, V2) are generated by demodulating the detection signals having a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees. Applying resolver-digital (RD) conversion processing to the modulated signals allows obtaining the rotation angle of the rotor.

An electrostatic encoder (40) detects the rotation angle of a rotor (42) with great accuracy based on the change in the capacitance between electrodes arranged on a stator (41) and the rotor (42). Detection electrodes (44a to 44d) and transmission electrodes (45a to 45d) are arranged circumferentially and alternately on the stator (41). Detection signals (phase A, phase B) amplitude-modulated based on the rotation of the rotor (42) and having a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees are output from adjacent ones of the detection electrodes. Modulated signals (V1, V2) are generated by demodulating the detection signals having a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees. Applying resolver-digital (RD) conversion processing to the modulated signals allows obtaining the rotation angle of the rotor.

Testing devices such as integrated circuits (IC) with integrated antennas configured for millimeter wave (mmW) transmission and/or reception. A DUT may be mounted to an interface in a measurement fixture (e.g., a socket, anechoic chamber, etc.). Power and data connections of the DUT may be tested over the interface, which may also provide connections (e.g., wired) for input/output signals, power, and control and may also provide positioning. Radio frequency (RF) characteristics of the DUT may be tested over-the-air using an array of antennas or probes in the radiating Fresnel zone of the DUT's antennas. Each of the antennas or probes of the array may incorporate a power detector (e.g., a diode) so that the RF radiating pattern may be measured using DC voltage measurements. Measured voltage measurements may be compared to an ideal signature, e.g., voltage measurements expected from an ideal or model DUT.

Various embodiments are presented of a system and method for testing (e.g., rapidly and cheaply) devices with antennas configured for radio frequency (RF) and/or millimeter wave (mmW) transmission and/or reception. A device to be tested (e.g., the device under test (DUT)) may be mounted to an interface in a measurement fixture (e.g., a socket, anechoic chamber, etc.). Power and data connections of the DUT may be tested over the interface, which may also provide connections for input/output signals, power, and control and may also provide positioning. RF characteristics (e.g., including transmission, reception, and/or beamforming) of the DUT may be tested over-the-air using an array of antennas or probes.