Disclosed are an apparatuses and methods for minimum energy tracking loop that includes an oscillator to imitate a threshold path of a load system and automatically adjust a clock frequency as a supply voltage to the load system is changed, a voltage regulator configured to supply a power, an energy sensing unit which is connected to the oscillator and the voltage regulator and calculates a proportional energy proportional to a total energy consumed by the load system at a specific supply voltage, a minimum energy finder to find a minimum energy point of the load system by monitoring the calculated proportional energy proportional to the total energy at a plurality of supply voltages, a buck converter to supply a power to the load system with a supply voltage at which the load system operates with a minimum energy when the minimum energy point is found in the minimum energy finder.

An electrical measurement device for monitoring the current and power taken by a plurality of electrical loads that may be powered by a selected one of multiple AC power sources comprises sampling the voltage of said sources and the current taken by said loads at a integral number of samples per cycle at sample times determined by an independent processor clock. The integral number of samples of each measured parameter for each cycle are processed to determine a complex number for each parameter representative of the amplitude and the phase relative to the independent processor clock. The phase drift of the substantially constant source voltages may be determined as a measure of frequency of the sources, and may be used to cancel drift of the current measurement to enable averaging. When the source feeding a load is changed, the phase drift is removed from its current measurement by selecting the voltage samples of the source now feeding it to use for drift cancellation or for average power computation and cumulative energy computation.

Disclosed are an apparatuses and methods for minimum energy tracking loop that includes an oscillator to imitate a threshold path of a load system and automatically adjust a clock frequency as a supply voltage to the load system is changed, a voltage regulator configured to supply a power, an energy sensing unit which is connected to the oscillator and the voltage regulator and calculates a proportional energy proportional to a total energy consumed by the load system at a specific supply voltage, a minimum energy finder to find a minimum energy point of the load system by monitoring the calculated proportional energy proportional to the total energy at a plurality of supply voltages, a buck converter to supply a power to the load system with a supply voltage at which the load system operates with a minimum energy when the minimum energy point is found in the minimum energy finder.

A method for controlling a power system includes generating, via at least one inverter-based resource, one or more command signals via a regulator of at least one inverter-based resource of the power system. Further, the method includes dynamically estimating, via the at least one inverter-based resource, a reactive power capability of the at least one inverter-based resource based, at least in part, on the one or more command signals. Further, the method includes sending, via the at least one inverter-based resource, the reactive power capability to the system-level controller. Thus, the method includes controlling the power system based on the reactive power capability.

A calibrated measurement of the angular misalignment x of a radiofrequency antenna pointing towards a slow mobile, radio transmitter along an antenna axis, the antenna being in radio communication with the mobile. The measurement includes receiving of radiofrequency signals derived from the mobile during a period of the applied path, the signal being received on a frequency band lower than or equal to the frequency of the transmitted signal; determining, on a logarithmic scale, of the instantaneous power of the received signal; harmonic decomposition over each period of the power thus determined into a fundamental component and at least one harmonic component; and estimating of the angular misalignment x from the ratio between the fundamental term and a harmonic component.

The present disclosure proposes a power flow analysis device and a power flow analysis method for an AC/DC hybrid system. Wherein, the device comprises: a memory being stored a computer program; and a processor performing the following steps when executing the computer program: obtaining an AC system voltage and a commutation reaction of the DC transmission system, a first trigger angle of the rectifier, and a second trigger angle of the inverter; constructing an AC equivalent model according to the AC system voltage, the commutation reaction, the first trigger angle, and the second trigger angle; and performing a power flow calculation according to the AC equivalent model to obtain a power flow analysis result of the AC/DC hybrid system. Therefore, the power flow analysis and calculation problem of the AC/DC hybrid system is transformed into the power flow analysis and calculation problem of the pure AC system, which overcomes the problem that the DC system variables are not easily decoupled in the power flow analysis and calculation, and takes into account the efficiency and accuracy of the power flow calculation.

The invention relates to a system to identify an electrical device connected to an electrical outlet. The electrical outlet has a sensor configured to measure an electrical signal of an electricity supply to the electrical device connected to the electrical outlet. A processor is configured to receive the measured electrical signal and determine an electrical signature of the electrical device based on one or more features of a frequency domain spectrum of the electrical signal. A processor is configured to compare the electrical signature against a signature database to identify the electrical device.

A smart plug designed to electrically connect a household appliance to power lines. The smart plug has an electronic controller configured to measure current and voltage of the electric power supplied to household appliance via a smart plug, determine electric quantities indicative at least of prefixed current harmonics and/or prefixed voltage harmonics, based on said measured current and voltage, determine load information which are indicative of electric loads of the household appliance being activated during an operating cycle performed by household appliance, based on determined electric quantities; determine the operating cycle performed by the household appliance based on the load information, communicate determined operating cycle to a network system.

A multi-sensor, real-time, in-process current and voltage estimation system is disclosed including sensors, affiliated hardware, and data processing algorithms that allow accurate estimation of currents and voltages from magnetic and electric field measurements, respectively. Aspects of the system may be embodied in a detector that is readily attachable to conductors of an energized system for contactless current and/or voltage sensing of the conductors without requiring the conductors to be disconnected from the energized system.

A method and apparatus generate an energy pulse output while improving the accuracy of energy pulse output. Specifically, an Intelligent Electronic Device employs a method in which a processor receives digital electrical parameter data to at least two buffers alternately; compute a power value in a full zero-crossing cycle in accordance with the digital electrical parameter data when one of the at least two buffers gets fully filled and storing the power value; divide a period that each buffer takes from empty to getting fully filled into a series of intervals; calculate energy consumption in each interval based on the power value stored; totalize the energy consumption; generate an energy pulse output according to a pre-determined threshold and the totalized energy consumption.