Apparatus and associated method for unambiguously evaluating high-bandwidth, rapidly changing analog range data in real time using low-cost components that allow detection of the signal of interest using a sampling rate that is lower than the Nyquist rate required to directly evaluate the full range data bandwidth.

Apparatus and associated method for unambiguously evaluating high-bandwidth, rapidly changing analog range data in real time using low-cost components that allow detection of the signal of interest using a sampling rate that is lower than the Nyquist rate required to directly evaluate the full range data bandwidth.

A digital measurement system includes an oscillator, a mixer, and a controller coupled to each other. The oscillator provides a reference signal having a second frequency. The mixer generates a down-converted signal based on the output signal and the reference signal. The controller then determines a characteristic of the output signal (e.g., frequency or phase) based on the down-converted signal. An analog measurement system includes a filter having a center frequency, a rectifier, and a controller. The filter filters the output signal and the rectifier rectifies the filtered signal. The controller samples the rectified signal and determines a characteristic of the output signal based on the level of the rectified signal. The reference signal controller may adjust a characteristic of the output signal based on the determined frequency and/or phase of the output signal.

It is provided a vectorial network analyzer, comprising an input and output measuring device; a beat source for generating an optical beat signal; an optical transmission device which divides the optical beat signal into at least one first and one second partial signal, wherein the transmission device conducts the first partial signal to at least one terahertz transmitter and the second partial signal to at least one terahertz receiver and/or to at least one terahertz reference receiver; and a phase changing unit for varying the phase of the first and/or the second partial signal of the optical beat signal.

It is provided a vectorial network analyzer, comprising an input and output measuring device; a beat source for generating an optical beat signal; an optical transmission device which divides the optical beat signal into at least one first and one second partial signal, wherein the transmission device conducts the first partial signal to at least one terahertz transmitter and the second partial signal to at least one terahertz receiver and/or to at least one terahertz reference receiver; and a phase changing unit for varying the phase of the first and/or the second partial signal of the optical beat signal.

A frequency converter receives a predetermined input signal and a predetermined local oscillation signal, and outputs a signal obtained by mixing the input signal with a harmonic signal having a frequency n times the frequency of the local oscillation signal, wherein a circuit that mixes the input signal with the harmonic signal is a harmonic mixer, which mixes the harmonic signal with the input signal using a nonlinear characteristic of a semiconductor element, and wherein the input signal or the output signal is subjected, either before input to the frequency converter or after output from the frequency converter, to correction on the basis of the amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of the frequency converter, which have been determined in advance.

A frequency converter receives a predetermined input signal and a predetermined local oscillation signal, and outputs a signal obtained by mixing the input signal with a harmonic signal having a frequency n times the frequency of the local oscillation signal, wherein a circuit that mixes the input signal with the harmonic signal is a harmonic mixer, which mixes the harmonic signal with the input signal using a nonlinear characteristic of a semiconductor element, and wherein the input signal or the output signal is subjected, either before input to the frequency converter or after output from the frequency converter, to correction on the basis of the amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of the frequency converter, which have been determined in advance.

It is provided a vectorial network analyzer, comprising an input and output measuring device; a beat source for generating an optical beat signal; an optical transmission device which divides the optical beat signal into at least one first and one second partial signal, wherein the transmission device conducts the first partial signal to at least one terahertz transmitter and the second partial signal to at least one terahertz receiver and/or to at least one terahertz reference receiver; and a phase changing unit for varying the phase of the first and/or the second partial signal of the optical beat signal.

It is provided a vectorial network analyzer, comprising an input and output measuring device; a beat source for generating an optical beat signal; an optical transmission device which divides the optical beat signal into at least one first and one second partial signal, wherein the transmission device conducts the first partial signal to at least one terahertz transmitter and the second partial signal to at least one terahertz receiver and/or to at least one terahertz reference receiver; and a phase changing unit for varying the phase of the first and/or the second partial signal of the optical beat signal.

Disclosed are a detection method and device for a digital intermediate frequency processing system. The method comprises: forming and transmitting excitation data to a digital intermediate frequency processing system; collecting detection data formed by processing the excitation data by the digital intermediate frequency processing system; and performing a bit-by-bit comparison on the detection data and reference data to form a detection result. Further provided is a computer storage medium.