Techniques are disclosed related to determining a modulation quality measurement of a device-under-test (DUT). A modulated signal is received from a source a plurality of times, and each received modulated signal is transmitted to each of a first vector signal analyzer (VSA) and a second VSA. The first VSA and the second VSA demodulate the received modulated signals to produce first error vectors and second error vectors, respectively. A cross-correlation calculation is performed on the first error vectors and second error vectors of respective received modulated signals to produce a complex-valued cross-correlation measurement, and a real component of the cross-correlation measurement is averaged over the plurality of received modulated signals. A modulation quality measurement is determined based on the averaged cross-correlation measurement.

A flux gate current sensor includes a magnetic core, a measurement winding, an excitation circuit arranged to generate a digital excitation signal, an acquisition circuit arranged to acquire an analog measurement voltage from the terminals of the measurement winding and to produce a digital measurement signal, a demagnetization servocontrol circuit arranged to use the digital measurement signal to produce a digital demagnetization signal for compensating magnetic flux produced by the current that is to be measured, a summing circuit arranged to sum the digital excitation signal and the digital demagnetization signal so as to obtain a digital injection signal, and an injection circuit arranged to produce an analog excitation current from the digital injection signal and to inject the analog excitation current into the measurement winding.

A flux gate current sensor includes a magnetic core, a measurement winding, an excitation circuit arranged to generate a digital excitation signal, an acquisition circuit arranged to acquire an analog measurement voltage from the terminals of the measurement winding and to produce a digital measurement signal, a demagnetization servocontrol circuit arranged to use the digital measurement signal to produce a digital demagnetization signal for compensating magnetic flux produced by the current that is to be measured, a summing circuit arranged to sum the digital excitation signal and the digital demagnetization signal so as to obtain a digital injection signal, and an injection circuit arranged to produce an analog excitation current from the digital injection signal and to inject the analog excitation current into the measurement winding.

Systems and methods provide for display of a deficiency indicator in response detection of a defined deficiency in an electric signal in an insulated wire. Measurement systems may include a housing sized and shaped to be held in a hand, a set of sensors for sensing a set of electrical characteristics of the electric signal, one or more processors, and a display provided on a surface of the housing. The measurement system may obtain measurements from the set of sensors and detect a presence of the defined deficiency based on the set of measurements. In response to detecting the presence of the defined deficiency, the measurement system may display a deficiency indicator that is representative of the defined deficiency detected.

An interference detection device and a detection sensitivity adjusting method are provided. A signal generating circuit generates a detection signal. A delay circuit delays the detection signal to generate a plurality of delay signals with different delay time. A decision circuit selects one of the delay signals according to a first section signal for comparing with the detection signal to generate an interference detection result, where the delay signals are used for adjusting the detection sensitivity of the interference detection device.

An improved analysis and determination of a relationship between a tone frequency and spurious frequencies is provided. A device under test is operated to generate signals based on multiple different tone frequencies. For each tone frequency a spectrum of the generated signal is measured and spurious frequencies in the generated signal are identified. Based on the measured spectrums a representation of the spurious frequencies versus the related tone frequencies is generated. Trajectories may be inserted into the representation for indicating relationships between the tone frequencies and the spurious frequencies. This representation provides a useful basis for a fast and reliable identification of relationships between spurious frequencies and tone frequencies.

An improved analysis and determination of a relationship between a tone frequency and spurious frequencies is provided. A device under test is operated to generate signals based on multiple different tone frequencies. For each tone frequency a spectrum of the generated signal is measured and spurious frequencies in the generated signal are identified. Based on the measured spectrums a representation of the spurious frequencies versus the related tone frequencies is generated. Trajectories may be inserted into the representation for indicating relationships between the tone frequencies and the spurious frequencies. This representation provides a useful basis for a fast and reliable identification of relationships between spurious frequencies and tone frequencies.

A location of at least one PIM source within an antenna array assembly is determined by applying an excitation waveform to a connection port, setting a multi-element phase shifter to a first state to apply a respective phase shift to respective paths, and making a first measurement of at least the phase of a PIM product emitted from the connection port. The multi-element phase shifter is then set to a succession of further states and further such measurements are made for each of the further states. From the first and further measurements a dependence is determined of at least the phase of the PIM product on the state of the multi-element phase shifter. The determined dependence is compared with a plurality of predetermined dependences, each predetermined dependence being for a PIM source located in a respective path between the multi-element phase shifter and a respective sub-array to determine the location within the antenna array assembly of the at least one PIM source.

A location of at least one PIM source within an antenna array assembly is determined by applying an excitation waveform to a connection port, setting a multi-element phase shifter to a first state to apply a respective phase shift to respective paths, and making a first measurement of at least the phase of a PIM product emitted from the connection port. The multi-element phase shifter is then set to a succession of further states and further such measurements are made for each of the further states. From the first and further measurements a dependence is determined of at least the phase of the PIM product on the state of the multi-element phase shifter. The determined dependence is compared with a plurality of predetermined dependences, each predetermined dependence being for a PIM source located in a respective path between the multi-element phase shifter and a respective sub-array to determine the location within the antenna array assembly of the at least one PIM source.

An apparatus, method and work product is disclosed. The method comprises measuring plural transmit signals and corresponding receive signals and determining, using a model describing a relation between each of the plural transmit signals and a respective passive intermodulation signal, a standardized passive intermodulation signal as one or more nth order intermodulation products for a standardized transmit signal consisting of two tones each of a power of substantially 20 Watts. The method may also comprise identifying in the model one or more n.sup.th order cross-intermodulation products resulting from three or more transmit signals having different respective carrier frequencies. Responsive to the identification, the method may comprise adapting the standardized two-tone passive intermodulation signal by determining an offset for producing an adapted two-tone standardized passive intermodulation signal, n is an odd integer greater than two.