A calibration operation determines a resistance of a sense resistor in a POE system. A voltage measurement is taken with a first current flowing through the sense resistor. A second voltage measurement is taken with a second current flowing through the resistor. A resistance value of the sense resistor is determined based on a voltage difference between the first and second voltage measurements and a current difference between the first current and the second currents.

A calibration operation determines a resistance of a sense resistor in a POE system. A voltage measurement is taken with a first current flowing through the sense resistor. A second voltage measurement is taken with a second current flowing through the resistor. A resistance value of the sense resistor is determined based on a voltage difference between the first and second voltage measurements and a current difference between the first current and the second currents.

A system is disclosed which allows for canceling high frequency rail to rail common mode swing at pulse-width modulation (PWM) frequency for a Class-D, H and G audio amplifier or a Linear Resonance Actuator (LRA) driver. This allows wide bandwidth current sensing without the need of external components, or large on-chip resistor-capacitor (RC) networks, facilitating integration of the sense resistor. In addition, the sense amplifier DC input common mode and audio band common mode swing is reduced, allowing a sense resistor high frequency common mode swing of a least twice the MOSFET gate break down voltages.

A housing cladding module for a medical device is provided for collision identification. The module includes resistor elements, which are arranged in and/or on the surface and which are designed such that the resistor elements change their electrical resistance on expansion. The resistor elements are arranged in such a way that the resistor elements are expanded in the event of a collision with an object. The collision is identified easily, and the effective collision force may be ascertained.

Transistor arrays are disclosed herein. An example transistor array includes a first node for coupling the transistor array to a circuit. A first transistor and a second transistor are coupled to the first node. A gate controller is coupled to the gate of the first transistor and the gate of the second transistor and is for selectively turning on the first transistor and the second transistor. A current source is coupled to the first node and is active when the second transistor is off. Calibration circuitry measures the voltage of the first node when the current source is active.

Certain disclosed methods include: transmitting an excitation signal into the MUT and transmitting a reference signal to a set of magnitude and phase (M/P) detectors; receiving the response signal; separately comparing a magnitude and phase for each of the excitation signal and the reference signal with corresponding detection ranges for a first one of the M/P detectors; separately comparing a magnitude and phase for each of the response signal and the reference signal with corresponding detection ranges for a second one of the M/P detectors; iteratively adjusting the excitation signal until the response signal has both a magnitude and a phase within the corresponding detection ranges for the second M/P detector; and iteratively adjusting the reference signal until the reference signal has both a magnitude and a phase within the corresponding detection ranges for the first and the second M/P detectors.

A powered device (PD) receives a Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) voltage to power the PD over a cable from Power Source Equipment (PSE) configured to output a requested one of multiple candidate PoE voltages to the cable. The PD determines a preferred PoE voltage among the multiple candidate PoE voltages that minimizes a total power loss due to (i) the cable, and (ii) a power loss of the PD that would result if the PD were powered through the cable. The PD requests the preferred PoE voltage from the PSE, receives the preferred PoE voltage from the PSE, and operates at the preferred PoE voltage.

A powered device (PD) receives a Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) voltage to power the PD over a cable from Power Source Equipment (PSE) configured to output a requested one of multiple candidate PoE voltages to the cable. The PD determines a preferred PoE voltage among the multiple candidate PoE voltages that minimizes a total power loss due to (i) the cable, and (ii) a power loss of the PD that would result if the PD were powered through the cable. The PD requests the preferred PoE voltage from the PSE, receives the preferred PoE voltage from the PSE, and operates at the preferred PoE voltage.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately prevent a shortage of a nonaqueous electrolyte solution in an electrode body and keep battery performance of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery at a favorable state. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery disclosed herein includes an electrode body and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The electrode body includes an electrolyte solution passage that is a flow passage through which the nonaqueous electrolyte solution flows between the inside and the outside of the electrode body. When a region of a negative-electrode composite material layer that is in contact with the electrolyte solution passage is referred to as a damming portion and a region that is located on the center side relative to the damming portion is referred to as a liquid retaining portion, the damming portion contains a negative electrode active material of which an electrical potential relative to a positive electrode active material is high and a ratio of expansion or contraction due to an increase or decrease in SOC is high, when compared to a negative electrode active material contained in the liquid retaining portion. With this configuration, the electrolyte solution passage can be closed by the damming portion in a charge state where the damming portion expands, and therefore leakage of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution can be suppressed.

A method for determining a capacitance value of a capacitor is provided. The method includes receiving a current signal flowing through the capacitor and receiving a voltage signal applied across the capacitor. The received voltage signal and the received current signal are filtered with a low pass filter. The filtered voltage signal and the filtered current signal are then discretized. The discretized voltage signal and the discretized current signal are transformed into a frequency domain. The capacitance value of the capacitor is determined from the transformed voltage signal and the transformed current signal.