A system for testing a plurality of electrical circuits includes a first remote cooperative testing device for selectively and electrically coupling a first electrical circuit and a second electrical circuit of the plurality of electrical circuits at a first node, and a second remote cooperative testing device for selectively and electrically coupling the first and second electrical circuits at a second node. A testing circuit is formed between the first node and the second node by the first and second remote cooperative testing devices.

A system for testing a plurality of electrical circuits includes a first remote cooperative testing device for selectively and electrically coupling a first electrical circuit and a second electrical circuit of the plurality of electrical circuits at a first node, and a second remote cooperative testing device for selectively and electrically coupling the first and second electrical circuits at a second node. A testing circuit is formed between the first node and the second node by the first and second remote cooperative testing devices.

A capacitive sensing system includes a controller, a node connected to one side of a capacitance, the controller configured to measure the capacitance by measuring a time for a voltage across the capacitance to reach a predetermined reference voltage, and the controller causing the time period for capacitance measurements to vary even when the capacitance is constant.

An electronic circuit with protection against eavesdropping, including a first circuit element embedded in the electronic circuit, a second circuit element embedded in the electronic circuit, one or more connection lines between the first circuit element and the second circuit element, a first monitoring unit in the first circuit element for measuring capacitance of at least one of the connection lines between the first circuit element and the second circuit element, wherein the first monitoring unit is configured to identify changes in capacitance of the connection lines and to initiate actions to prevent eavesdropping in response to identifying changes.

A switch is envisaged in the present disclosure. The switch includes a plunger that has one of a push action and a slide action to actuate the switch. The plunger is at least partially attached to a conductive pill. The switch includes a pair of sense electrodes, each having a first operative surface to which a dielectric film is attached forming an operational capacitor, and a second operative surface which is in electrical contact with the operational capacitor. The operational capacitor has a parallel relationship with an external capacitor when the conductive pill makes contact with the dielectric film resulting in discharge of the external capacitor. The microprocessor includes an internal capacitor that discharges on discharge of the external capacitor. Charge across the internal capacitor is monitored and compared with a pre-defined threshold value by the microprocessor to activate/deactivate the switch.

Circuitry for estimating an inductance of an inductor in power converter circuitry, the circuitry comprising: circuitry for generating a peak inductor current signal indicative of a peak inductor current during an operational cycle of the power converter circuitry; circuitry for generating a ripple current estimate signal, indicative of an estimate of a ripple current in the power converter circuitry; and circuitry for applying the ripple current estimate signal to the peak inductor current signal to generate an average inductor current threshold signal indicative of an estimated average inductor current in the power converter circuitry during the operational cycle, wherein the ripple current estimate signal is based on: a duration of a charging phase of operation of the power converter circuitry; a voltage across the inductor; and an inductance value for the inductor; and wherein the circuitry for generating the ripple current estimate signal is operative to select an inductance value for the inductor for which the estimated average inductor current is equal to an actual average inductor current during the operational cycle to generate a value for the actual inductance of the inductor.

A diode voltage measurement system can include a plurality of diodes connected in series along a single line. The plurality of diodes can include N diodes. The system can include a plurality of capacitors for at least N−1 of the diodes. Each capacitor can be connected in parallel to the single line with a respective diode to form a respective diode-capacitor (DC) pair. Each DC pair can be configured such that each DC pair reaches a steady state voltage at a different time. The system can include a current supply connected to the single line to supply a current to the line. The system can include a control module configured to sense a total voltage across the single line and to successively determine voltage of each diode from the total voltage based on the current, a known total steady state voltage, and known time-to-steady-state-voltages of each DC pair and/or diode.

A method for determining a capacitance value of a capacitor is provided. The method includes receiving a current signal flowing through the capacitor and receiving a voltage signal applied across the capacitor. The received voltage signal and the received current signal are filtered with a low pass filter. The filtered voltage signal and the filtered current signal are then discretized. The discretized voltage signal and the discretized current signal are transformed into a frequency domain. The capacitance value of the capacitor is determined from the transformed voltage signal and the transformed current signal.

A quality control system in a battery manufacturing process includes two or more capacitive measurement apparatuses to obtain a capacitance measurement from two or more intermediate products generated during the battery manufacturing process. The system also includes processing circuitry to obtain the capacitive measurement from the two or more capacitive measurement apparatuses, to determine a characteristic of the corresponding intermediate product, and to control at least one process of the battery manufacturing process that produced at least one of the two or more intermediate products based on the characteristic.

A method for calculating the change in percent voids between a reference location and a second location in a medium. The method includes obtaining a reference reflection coefficient of an electromagnetic wave reflection at the reference location, and a second reflection coefficient of an electromagnetic wave reflection at the second location. The obtained reflection coefficients are used to calculate a percent change in reflection coefficient. A reflection conversion factor correlating the change in the reflection coefficient to a change in percent voids in the medium is calculated and is used to calculate a change in percent voids between the reference and second locations based on the calculated percent change in reflection coefficients.