Communication enabled circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels are described. Methods associated with such communication enabled circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels are also described. A circuit breaker panel may include a circuit breaker controller and one or more communication enabled circuit breakers. Two-way wireless communication is possible between the circuit breaker controller and the one or more communication enabled circuit breakers.

Disclosed is a method and system for detecting connection failure of a parallel connection cell, and for a battery that is being discharged by the operation of an external device, by detecting whether there is a section matching the amount of change in the discharge voltage value when a cell connection failure condition occurs due to a pre-prepared current interruption device (CID) operation or an open parallel connection line from the change in the discharge voltage value of the battery being discharged.

Wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are described. Methods associated with such wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are also described. The wireless communication enabled circuit breakers may controlled by a remote entity. The remote entity may wirelessly case the wireless communication enabled circuit breakers to trip.

Wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are described. Methods associated with such wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are also described. The wireless communication enabled circuit breakers may controlled by a remote entity. The remote entity may wirelessly case the wireless communication enabled circuit breakers to trip.

Communication enabled circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels are described. Methods associated with such communication enabled circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels are also described. A circuit breaker panel may include a circuit breaker controller and one or more communication enabled circuit breakers. Two-way wireless communication is possible between the circuit breaker controller and the one or more communication enabled circuit breakers.

Communication enabled circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels are described. Methods associated with such communication enabled circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels are also described. A circuit breaker panel may include a circuit breaker controller and one or more communication enabled circuit breakers. Two-way wireless communication is possible between the circuit breaker controller and the one or more communication enabled circuit breakers.

Systems and methods for estimating a thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical conductor in a thermal-mechanical fatigue assessment system include an electrical conductor having a cold resistance and a non-linear resistance when connected to an electrical power system, and a controller receiving temperatures of the conductor as inputs, wherein the controller is operable to estimate a service life of the conductor based on at least the input temperatures of the conductor and the cold resistance of the conductor.

Systems and methods for estimating a thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical conductor in a thermal-mechanical fatigue assessment system include an electrical conductor having a cold resistance and a non-linear resistance when connected to an electrical power system, and a controller receiving temperatures of the conductor as inputs, wherein the controller is operable to estimate a service life of the conductor based on at least the input temperatures of the conductor and the cold resistance of the conductor.

Thermal-mechanical fatigue assessment systems and methods include a controller operable to estimate a temperature of the conductor having a non-linear resistance based on an ambient temperature input and a current input for current flow through the conductor when connected to an energized electrical power system. A state of fatigue of the conductor may be assessed in view of an estimated first temperature differential between the conductor and an arc extinguishing medium surrounding the conductor, an estimated temperature differential between the temperature of the arc quenching medium and the ambient temperature, and the estimated temperature of the conductor.

Thermal-mechanical fatigue assessment systems and methods include a controller operable to estimate a temperature of the conductor having a non-linear resistance based on an ambient temperature input and a current input for current flow through the conductor when connected to an energized electrical power system. A state of fatigue of the conductor may be assessed in view of an estimated first temperature differential between the conductor and an arc extinguishing medium surrounding the conductor, an estimated temperature differential between the temperature of the arc quenching medium and the ambient temperature, and the estimated temperature of the conductor.