A magnetic field sensing device fabricated via an integrated circuit fabrication process, incorporates a planar electron gun. The device has an evacuated chamber in which electrons emitted by cold field emission may travel on a long mean free path, with minimal collisions with atoms, ions or other obstructions. The device also has a glass or plastic window over the evacuated chamber, allowing the entry of magnetic fields, but not of air or contaminants. The device also has two or more anodes, to which nominally the same potential is applied, causing the electrons to drift or accelerate from the cathode to strike the anodes, with the number of electrons arriving at each anode being modulated by the Lorentz Force resulting from the magnetic field entering the chamber. The device also has an integrated voltage multiplier to provide a large negative potential to the cathode.

A magnetic-field sensor, including: a die, a current generator in the die. The current generator generating a driving current. A Lorentz force transducer also in the die and being configured to obtain measurements of magnetic field based upon the Lorentz force is coupled to the current generator. The transducer having a resonance frequency. The current generator is such that the driving current has a non-zero frequency different from the resonance frequency.

The invention relates to a measuring arrangement comprising: a coil arrangement for creating a magnetic field to measure a sample to be arranged in connection with it including at least one flat coil, the coil geometry of which is arranged to be changed in the direction of the plane defined by the coil arrangement, in order to create a spatially changing magnetic field having a known distance dependence for measuring the sample; and electronics connected to the coil arrangement for creating a magnetic field using the coil arrangement; and means for changing the position of the sample and the coil arrangement relative to each other in order to change the magnetic field affecting the sample and having the known distance dependence. In addition, the invention also relates to a method for measuring a sample.

The present invention relates to methods and (bio)sensor systems. Herein, magnetic fields are applied in order to transport magnetic particles laterally over a sensor surface with analyte specific probes. The methods of the invention allow the specific binding of magnetic particles to the sensor surface, while aspecific and unbound particles are removed.

Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to arrange magnetic field sensors. In some examples a magnetic field detection system comprises a sensor holder and magnetometers. The sensor holder mounts the magnetometers proximate to a magnetic field source that generates a magnetic field. The magnetometers measure the magnetic field in multiple directions. A first portion of the magnetometers measures a normal component of the magnetic field and a first tangential component of the magnetic field, and a second portion of the magnetometers measures the normal component of the magnetic field and a second tangential component of the magnetic field. The sensor holder distributes the first portion of the magnetometers and the second portion of the magnetometers, so the tangential components measured by neighboring ones of the magnetometers mounted to the sensor holder are orthogonal.

Aspects of this disclosure relate to one or more particles that move within a container in response to a magnetic field. A measurement circuit is configured to output an indication of the magnetic field based on position of the one or more particles.

A magnetic field measuring method includes: applying a magnetic field to a first particle and a second particle; generating a first output light by the first particle according to the magnetic field and a first coupling strength between the first particle and the second particle; and calculating a strength of the magnetic field according to a strength of the first output light. A magnetic field measuring system and a magnetic field measuring apparatus are also disclosed herein.