A magneto-inductive DC magnetometer is provided that is operable to output fluxgate quality measurements in a low mass, volume, power and cost package. The magnetometer enables constellation-class missions not only due to its low-resource requirements, but also due to its potential for commercial integrated circuit fabrication. In addition, the magnetometer will be part of a ground-based Space Weather Underground Citizen Science instrument package that enables dense arrays of space weather-relevant observations at mid-latitudes. The magneto-inductive operating principle is based on a simple resistance-inductor (RL) circuit and involves measurement of the time it takes to charge and discharge the inductor between an upper and lower threshold by means of a Schmitt trigger oscillator. This time is proportional to the inductance that in turn is proportional to the field strength.

Various embodiments provide a magnetic sensing scheme for a voltage regulator circuit. The voltage regulator circuit may include a first inductor (also referred to as an output inductor) coupled between a drive circuit and an output node. The voltage regulator circuit may further include a second inductor (also referred to as a sense inductor) having a first terminal coupled to the first inductor at a tap point between terminals of the first inductor. The second inductor may provide a sense voltage at a second terminal of the second inductor. A control circuit may control a state of the voltage regulator circuit based on the sense voltage to provide a regulated output voltage at the output node. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

A vehicle navigation system includes an external source sensor onboard a vehicle system that determines headings of the vehicle system. The external source sensor determines the headings using signals received from an off-board, external system. The navigation system also includes a magnetic sensor onboard the vehicle system that measures magnetic fields along different axes at different times. One or more processors determine a combination of the magnetic fields, determine a position translation and/or a magnitude scaling of the combination of the magnetic fields, and modify at least one of the headings based on the position translation and/or the magnitude scaling.

A vehicle navigation system includes an external source sensor onboard a vehicle system that determines headings of the vehicle system. The external source sensor determines the headings using signals received from an off-board, external system. The navigation system also includes a magnetic sensor onboard the vehicle system that measures magnetic fields along different axes at different times. One or more processors determine a combination of the magnetic fields, determine a position translation and/or a magnitude scaling of the combination of the magnetic fields, and modify at least one of the headings based on the position translation and/or the magnitude scaling.

An electromagnetic gradiometer that includes multiple torsionally operated MEMS-based magnetic and/or electric field sensors with control electronics configured to provide magnetic and/or electric field gradient measurements. In one example a magnetic gradiometer includes a first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor having a capacitive read-out configured to provide a first measurement of a received magnetic field, a second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor coupled to the first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor and having the capacitive read-out configured to provide a second measurement of the received magnetic field, and control electronics coupled to the first and second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensors and configured to determine a magnetic field gradient of the received magnetic field based the first and second measurements from the first and second torsionally operated MEMS electromagnetic sensors.

Aspects of this disclosure relate to one or more particles that move within a container in response to a magnetic field. A measurement circuit is configured to output an indication of the magnetic field based on position of the one or more particles.

A magnetic field sensor system comprising a first magnetic field sensor, one or more second magnetic field sensors and an amplifier and all magnetic field sensors are connected in series so that the respective output signals can be added up to a common input signal of the amplifier.

Nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) devices that utilize thin electrically conductive membranes, which can be, for example, graphene membranes. The membrane-based NEMS devices can be used as sensors, electrical relays, adjustable angle mirror devices, variable impedance devices, and devices performing other functions. The NEMS devices have a serpentine shape arrangement of the electrically conductive membrane. The electrically conductive membrane can be controllably wicked down on the edge of the oxide cavity to increase sensitivity of the NEMS device.

A method is disclosed. In one example, the method includes bonding a first panel of a first material to a base panel in a first gas atmosphere, wherein multiple hermetically sealed first cavities encapsulating gas of the first gas atmosphere are formed between the first panel and the base panel. The method further includes bonding a second panel of a second material to at least one of the base panel and the first panel, wherein multiple second cavities are formed between the second panel and the at least one of the base panel and the first panel.

A magnetism detection device includes: a transmission line set having a transmission line including a linear first conductor including a magnetic material; and a detector that: inputs, from a first end of the transmission line set, a pulse signal as a first incident wave and detects, at the first end, a first reflected wave of the first incident wave; inputs, from a second end opposite to the first end, a pulse signal as a second incident wave and detects, at the second end, a second reflected wave of the second incident wave; and detects a strength of a magnetic field applied to the transmission line set based on compositing of the first reflected wave and the second reflected wave.