A system determines the data stored on a portion of magnetic media by obtaining an image that represents the magnetic state of the portion of magnetic media using a magneto-optic image sensor. In an example, the image sensor is connected to a mechanism that moves over the portion of magnetic media, and the system takes a plurality of images which are stitched together into a composite image of the state of the portion of magnetic media. The system analyzes the image to identify regions that contain data, extracts the encoded data from the regions. The encoded data is decoded in accordance with an encoding scheme used by the portion of magnetic media. In some examples, a file structure is applied to the data and data files are recovered from the image. In various examples, the portion of magnetic media can be hard disk media, floppy disk media, or magnetic tape.

A system for measuring magnetic field gradients comprising a multi-bay support structure with a series of raised contact shoulders separated from each other by voids. An optical fiber is spaced along the length of the multi-cell support structure and traverses all the raised contact points and voids. The optical fiber has a plurality of Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) spaced lengthwise, each FBG suspended in a void. In addition, a plurality of ferromagnetic members are strung onto the optical fiber, each suspended in a void. Magnetic field gradients act on the ferromagnetic member to create localized tension in the optical fiber. The FBG's refractive indices are monitored, tension is calculated therefrom, and the tension is correlated to the magnetic field gradient. This greatly simplifies mechanical, optical, electronic and computational complexity and is bay suited for any FOSS array for measuring magnetic fields using many dense measurement points.

A nanodevice provides for electric-field control of magnon-QSD interactions. The nanodevice includes a ferroelectric substrate, a ferromagnetic material disposed over the ferroelectric substrate, and a nanodiamond including an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spins, each NV magnetically interfacing with the ferromagnetic material. An electric field is measured by applying a voltage across the ferroelectric substrate and the ferromagnetic material, changing a magnon excitation spectrum of the ferromagnetic material with respect to an electron spin resonance frequency of the ensemble of NV spins, and measuring a relaxation rate of the ensemble of NV spins.

A device for measuring magnetism of a permanent magnet material at a high temperature includes a laser device, a power controller, a light beam controller, a temperature controller, a magnetism measurement unit, temperature sensors, and electromagnet pole heads. The electromagnet pole heads are divided into an upper piece and a lower piece for clamping upper and lower surfaces of a sample. Heat absorbing sheets are respectively fixed on front and rear surfaces of the sample. Temperatures of the heat absorbing sheets are measured by the temperature sensors. The sample is heated by laser, and the temperature controller is used to adjust a ratio of light beams of the power controller and the light beam controller irradiating the heat absorbing sheets on the front and rear surfaces of the sample, thus adjusting the temperatures of the heat absorbing sheets. The magnetism of the sample is measured using the magnetism measurement unit.

Provided is an atomic vapor cell, for atomic or molecular spectroscopy, optical pumping, and/or spin-based atomic sensing, that includes a host substrate and defined there within a buried or non-buried chamber laser written in the host substrate without the need of a mask or photoresist, with either planar or three-dimensional geometry, and intended to contain an atomic vapor.

Also provided are an integrated atomic/photonic device and an apparatus, in both cases including the presently disclosed atomic vapor cell, and a method for fabricating the presently disclosed atomic vapor cell.

The present invention relates to a magnetometer (100) using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), where a solid state material (10), such as diamond, with an ensemble of paramagnetic defects, such as nitrogen vacancies centers NV, is applied. An optical cavity (20) is optically excited by an irradiation laser (25) arranged therefore. A coupling structure (30) causes a microwave excitation (Ω) of the paramagnetic defects, and a permanent magnetic field (40, B_C) causes a Zeeman splitting of the energy levels in the paramagnetic defects. A probing volume (PV) in the solid state material is thereby defined by the spatially overlapping volume of the optical excitation by the irradiation laser (25), the coupling structure (30) also exciting the defects, and the constant magnetic field. The magnetometer then measures an unknown magnetic field by detecting emission (27), e.g. fluorescence, from the defects in the probing volume (PV) from the double excitation of the defects by the irradiation laser, and the coupling structure exciting these defects.

The present invention relates to a magnetometer (100) using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), where a solid state material (10), such as diamond, with an ensemble of paramagnetic defects, such as nitrogen vacancies centers NV, is applied. An optical cavity (20) is optically excited by an irradiation laser (25) arranged therefore. A coupling structure (30) causes a microwave excitation (Ω) of the paramagnetic defects, and a permanent magnetic field (40, B_C) causes a Zeeman splitting of the energy levels in the paramagnetic defects. A probing volume (PV) in the solid state material is thereby defined by the spatially overlapping volume of the optical excitation by the irradiation laser (25), the coupling structure (30) also exciting the defects, and the constant magnetic field. The magnetometer then measures an unknown magnetic field by detecting emission (27), e.g. fluorescence, from the defects in the probing volume (PV) from the double excitation of the defects by the irradiation laser, and the coupling structure exciting these defects.

Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to conform magnetic field sensors to a target geometry. In some examples, an apparatus is configured to conform to a target geometry. The apparatus comprises a sensor mount and a sensor array. The sensor mount comprises a flexible state for a first environmental condition and a rigid state for a second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the flexible state to the rigid state when the first environmental condition transitions to the second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the rigid state to the flexible state when the second environmental condition transitions to the first environmental condition. The sensor array is coupled to the sensor mount.

A magnetic field measuring method includes: applying a magnetic field to a first particle and a second particle; generating a first output light by the first particle according to the magnetic field and a first coupling strength between the first particle and the second particle; and calculating a strength of the magnetic field according to a strength of the first output light. A magnetic field measuring system and a magnetic field measuring apparatus are also disclosed herein.

A magnetic field measuring method includes: applying a magnetic field to a first particle and a second particle; generating a first output light by the first particle according to the magnetic field and a first coupling strength between the first particle and the second particle; and calculating a strength of the magnetic field according to a strength of the first output light. A magnetic field measuring system and a magnetic field measuring apparatus are also disclosed herein.