A method includes generating a bias signal from a first device, and applying the bias signal to a second device, the first device having (a) a superconducting trace and (b) a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), in which a first terminal of the SQUID is electrically coupled to a first end of the superconducting trace, and a second terminal of the SQUID is electrically coupled to a second end of the superconducting trace, where generating the bias signal from the first device includes: applying a first signal .sub.1 to a first sub-loop of the SQUID; and applying a second signal .sub.2 to a second sub-loop of the SQUID, in which the first signal .sub.1 and the second signal .sub.2 are applied such that a value of a superconducting phase of the first device is incremented or decremented by a non-zero integer multiple n of 2.

A system and method for high-speed, low-power cryogenic computing are presented, comprising ultrafast energy-efficient RSFQ superconducting computing circuits, and hybrid magnetic/superconducting memory arrays and interface circuits, operating together in the same cryogenic environment. An arithmetic logic unit and register file with an ultrafast asynchronous wave-pipelined datapath is also provided. The superconducting circuits may comprise inductive elements fabricated using both a high-inductance layer and a low-inductance layer. The memory cells may comprise superconducting tunnel junctions that incorporate magnetic layers. Alternatively, the memory cells may comprise superconducting spin transfer magnetic devices (such as orthogonal spin transfer and spin-Hall effect devices). Together, these technologies may enable the production of an advanced superconducting computer that operates at clock speeds up to 100 GHz.

A magnetic measuring apparatus includes an inclination gantry including a mount surface and an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the mount surface, a cryostat disposed on the inclined surface, a cryocooling system connected to the cryostat, a sensor tube connected to the cryostat and including a curved surface that does not curve in a predetermined direction and curves in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction such that a center of the curved surface protrudes with respect to side edges of the curved surface, and a magnetic sensor that measures biomagnetism and is housed in the sensor tube such that a sensor surface of the magnetic sensor faces the curved surface. The sensor surface is inclined with respect to the mount surface in a direction that is the same as a direction in which the inclined surface is inclined.

A magnetic measuring apparatus includes an inclination gantry including a mount surface and an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the mount surface, a cryostat disposed on the inclined surface, a cryocooling system connected to the cryostat, a sensor tube connected to the cryostat and including a curved surface that does not curve in a predetermined direction and curves in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction such that a center of the curved surface protrudes with respect to side edges of the curved surface, and a magnetic sensor that measures biomagnetism and is housed in the sensor tube such that a sensor surface of the magnetic sensor faces the curved surface. The sensor surface is inclined with respect to the mount surface in a direction that is the same as a direction in which the inclined surface is inclined.

Pulsating radio star (PULSAR) navigation systems and methods can include a plurality of PULSARs that can emit PULSAR radiation pulses in the millisecond range, and a plurality of Josephson Junctions (JJs) that can be arranged as an array of microantennas. The systems and methods can include a cryogenic cooling system for cooling the JJs to an operating temperature based on the JJ materials, and a thermal management system for maintaining the operating temperature. An oscillator can determine times of arrival (TOAs) of magnetic field components of the PULSAR pulses. A processor can compute the terrestrial position of the navigation system using the TOAs and the known celestial position of the PULSARs. A GPS sub-system can be included for navigation using GPS signals. The processor can be configured to compute terrestrial location using the PULSAR magnetic field components when GPS signal strength falls below a predetermined level or is lost.

One example includes a tunable current element. The element includes a first magnetic flux component that is configured to exhibit a bias flux in response to a first control current. The bias flux can decrease relative energy barriers between discrete energy states of the tunable current element. The element also includes a second magnetic flux component that is configured to exhibit a control flux in response to a second control current. The control flux can change a potential energy of the discrete energy states of the tunable current element to set an energy state of the tunable current element to one of the discrete energy states, such that the magnetic flux component is configured to generate a hysteretic current that provides a magnetic flux at an amplitude corresponding to the energy state of the tunable current element.

A magnetic shielding system that includes a shield that is non-uniform in the axial direction and a shield cap that is non-uniform in the radial direction. Each shield in the system may have a magnetic permeability, thickness, and/or radius that varies in the axial direction to create low-reluctance paths that redirect flux away from a sample towards the ends of the shield. Each shield cap in the system may have a magnetic permeability and/or thickness that varies in the radial direction to create low-reluctance paths that redirect flux away from the sample towards shield walls. An inner shielding layer formed from a material of low permeability and moderate-to-high coercivity may be implemented as the innermost layer of a magnetic shielding system.

A magnetic shielding system that includes a shield that is non-uniform in the axial direction and a shield cap that is non-uniform in the radial direction. Each shield in the system may have a magnetic permeability, thickness, and/or radius that varies in the axial direction to create low-reluctance paths that redirect flux away from a sample towards the ends of the shield. Each shield cap in the system may have a magnetic permeability and/or thickness that varies in the radial direction to create low-reluctance paths that redirect flux away from the sample towards shield walls. An inner shielding layer formed from a material of low permeability and moderate-to-high coercivity may be implemented as the innermost layer of a magnetic shielding system.

This disclosure relates to Superconducting Quantum Interference Apparatuses, such as SQUID arrays and SQUIFs. A superconducting quantum interference apparatus comprises an array of loops each loop constituting a superconducting quantum interference device. The array comprises multiple columns, each of the columns comprises multiple rows connected in series, each of the multiple rows comprises a number of loops connected in parallel, and the number of loops connected in parallel in each row is more than two and less than 20 to improve a performance of the apparatus. It is an advantage that keeping the number of loops in parallel below 20 improves the performance of the apparatus. This is contrary to existing knowledge where it is commonly assumed that a larger number of parallel loops would increase performance.

Disclosed a quench protection device of a superconducting magnet system, including a superconducting coil set; the superconducting coil set comprises two superconducting coils (5) which are symmetrical arranged, and each of the two superconducting coils (5) is connected in parallel with a protection diode (4); the superconducting coils and the protection diode are connected with the power supply via a conductive wire; the superconducting coils set are connected in parallel with a quench protection unit (6), a change-over switch (3) is arranged on a circuit of the two superconducting coils, the protection diode, and the power supply, and the change-over switch (3) is connected with an external resistor via a conductive wire (2). The change-over switch of the quench protection device connects the superconducting coil and an external resistance, which realizes the quench protection of the superconducting coil.