An apparatus and a method for refining a geographical location based on dynamic characteristics of a helmet are disclosed. A piece of angular velocity information is sensed through a gyroscope and then compared with a piece of basic angular velocity information to generate a piece of dynamic information of the helmet body. The piece of dynamic information, the piece of location information, and the piece of magnetic flux information are marked on an electronic map to generate a piece of refined geographical location information which is then sent to an output unit to be outputted. Thus, a higher resolution of the current geographical location is obtained.

A magnetic field detection sensor includes a magneto-impedance element configured to make use of the magneto-impedance effect, and a negative-feedback bias coil configured to apply a bias magnetic field to the magneto-impedance element. The magnetic field detection sensor is configured to detect an external magnetic field based on an output obtained by applying an alternating-current to the magneto-impedance element. The magneto-impedance element includes a non-magnetic substrate, and a magnetic thin-film that is provided on a surface of the non-magnetic substrate. The magnetic field detecting direction matches the longitudinal direction of the magneto-impedance element, and the magnetic thin-film is configured to have a magnetic anisotropy such that a direction of an axis of easy magnetization thereof matches the magnetic field detecting direction.

An inspection circuit serves as a pseudo circuit of a flux gate-type magnetic element having an excitation coil and a detection coil and inspects a magnetic field detector that detects a magnetic field based on an output of the magnetic element when detecting an intensity of a stationary magnetic field applied to the magnetic element based on a time-resolved magnetic balance type. The magnetic field detector includes: an excitation signal generation unit, a detection signal comparison unit, a feedback signal conversion unit, a feedback signal adjustment unit, a data signal conversion unit, and an excitation signal adjustment unit.

An inspection circuit serves as a pseudo circuit of a flux gate-type magnetic element having an excitation coil and a detection coil and inspects a magnetic field detector that detects a magnetic field based on an output of the magnetic element when detecting an intensity of a stationary magnetic field applied to the magnetic element based on a time-resolved magnetic balance type. The magnetic field detector includes: an excitation signal generation unit, a detection signal comparison unit, a feedback signal conversion unit, a feedback signal adjustment unit, a data signal conversion unit, and an excitation signal adjustment unit.

A current sensor includes: a U-shaped core as a magnetic body; a conductor inserted into a slit of the core; and a detection element arranged in the slit of the core and detecting a magnetic field, wherein the core includes recessed portions on both side surfaces facing the detection element and the recessed portions have wall portions intersecting with at least an insertion direction of the conductor.

A magnetic sensor device having a first magnetic core structure which is aligned along a first central longitudinal axis and has at least one first coil, and having a second magnetic core structure which includes at least one second coil, the second magnetic core structure extending from a first end face of the second magnetic core structure along a second central longitudinal axis to a second end face of the second magnetic core structure, the second central longitudinal axis lying in a plane aligned in a direction normal to the first central longitudinal axis, and the second magnetic core structure being positioned in relation to the first magnetic core structure in such a way that a clearance between the first end face of the second magnetic core structure and a first center of mass of the first magnetic core structure is less than 20% of a maximum extension of the first magnetic core structure along the first central longitudinal axis.

A magnetic sensor device having a first magnetic core structure which is aligned along a first central longitudinal axis and has at least one first coil, and having a second magnetic core structure which includes at least one second coil, the second magnetic core structure extending from a first end face of the second magnetic core structure along a second central longitudinal axis to a second end face of the second magnetic core structure, the second central longitudinal axis lying in a plane aligned in a direction normal to the first central longitudinal axis, and the second magnetic core structure being positioned in relation to the first magnetic core structure in such a way that a clearance between the first end face of the second magnetic core structure and a first center of mass of the first magnetic core structure is less than 20% of a maximum extension of the first magnetic core structure along the first central longitudinal axis.

A system for estimating flux linkage in an electric motor includes a flux estimation module that generates estimated flux linkages based on a back electromagnetic force and estimated velocity of the electric motor, the flux linkages having an alpha flux linkage component and a beta flux linkage component, and a velocity estimation module that generates an estimated motor velocity based on the back electromagnetic force and the estimated flux linkages.

A system for estimating flux linkage in an electric motor includes a flux estimation module that generates estimated flux linkages based on a back electromagnetic force and estimated velocity of the electric motor, the flux linkages having an alpha flux linkage component and a beta flux linkage component, and a velocity estimation module that generates an estimated motor velocity based on the back electromagnetic force and the estimated flux linkages.

An integrated fluxgate device contains a fluxgate magnetometer sensor with a fluxgate core of a thin film magnetic material. Metal windings are disposed above and below the fluxgate core. The fluxgate core has at least one end with a width of at least 5 microns. The fluxgate magnetometer sensor has a crack-resistant structure at the end of the fluxgate core. The crack-resistant structure includes at least one of a laterally rounded contour of the fluxgate core at the end having corner radii of at least 2 microns, a lower metal end structure in the lower dielectric layer extending under the end of the fluxgate core, or an upper metal end structure in the upper dielectric layer extending over the end of the fluxgate core.