The present invention provides a triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus having a high mechanical strength and being compact in size by simplifying the arrangement configuration of magnetism detectors for the reduction of the number of components and allowing easy angular adjustment of the magnetism detectors and easy installation of the magnetism detectors on the apparatus body, and a satellite. A triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus has a power supply board, a circuit board, and a magnetism detecting unit, which are fixed on a body, and the circuit board and the magnetism detecting unit are horizontally connected. By using the magnetism detecting unit, the triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus detects magnitudes of magnetic fields in mutually perpendicular X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.

The present invention provides a triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus having a high mechanical strength and being compact in size by simplifying the arrangement configuration of magnetism detectors for the reduction of the number of components and allowing easy angular adjustment of the magnetism detectors and easy installation of the magnetism detectors on the apparatus body, and a satellite. A triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus has a power supply board, a circuit board, and a magnetism detecting unit, which are fixed on a body, and the circuit board and the magnetism detecting unit are horizontally connected. By using the magnetism detecting unit, the triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus detects magnitudes of magnetic fields in mutually perpendicular X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.

In a general aspect, vapor cells are disclosed that include a dielectric body having a first surface and a second surface. The dielectric body includes a plurality of cavities extending from the first surface to the second surface and ordered periodically to define a photonic crystal structure in the dielectric body. Each cavity has a first opening defined by the first surface and a second opening defined by the second surface. The photonic crystal structure has a photonic band gap. The vapor cells additionally include a first optical window covering the first openings and having a surface bonded to the first surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around each of the first openings. A second optical window covers the second openings and has a surface bonded to the second surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around each of the second openings.

A sensor device includes a carrier, a force feedback sensor, and a probe containing a spin defect, the probe being connected to the force feedback sensor either directly or indirectly via a handle structure. In order to couple the spin defect to a microwave field in an efficient and robust manner, the sensor device includes an integrated microwave antenna arranged at a distance of less than 500 micrometers from the spin defect. The sensor device can be configured as a self-contained exchangeable cartridge that can easily be mounted in a sensor mount of a scanning probe microscope.

A magnetic sensor includes a plurality of magnetoresistive element units. Each of the magnetoresistive element units includes a flat-surface-type first magnetoresistive element having a detection axis in a first direction and a flat-surface-type second magnetoresistive element having a detection axis in a second direction different from the first direction. The first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element are arranged so as to face each other. The plurality of magnetoresistive element units are arrayed in a direction orthogonal to flat surfaces of the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element. The surfaces facing a measurement sample constitute a surface parallel to the direction in which the magnetoresistive element units are arrayed.

A magnetic sensor includes a plurality of magnetoresistive element units. Each of the magnetoresistive element units includes a flat-surface-type first magnetoresistive element having a detection axis in a first direction and a flat-surface-type second magnetoresistive element having a detection axis in a second direction different from the first direction. The first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element are arranged so as to face each other. The plurality of magnetoresistive element units are arrayed in a direction orthogonal to flat surfaces of the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element. The surfaces facing a measurement sample constitute a surface parallel to the direction in which the magnetoresistive element units are arrayed.

An apparatus includes a longitudinal member having a proximal end and a distal end. The longitudinal member is configured to be located near a tissue region in a body of a patient. A measuring device is configured and sized to be located proximal to the distal end of the longitudinal member. The measuring device includes a magnetic sensor configured to measure biomagnetism and output magnetic flux data. A signal processing device is coupled to the magnetic sensor and configured to convert the output magnetic flux data to a digital representation of the output magnetic flux data. A method of measuring electrical activity using the apparatus is also disclosed.

An apparatus includes a longitudinal member having a proximal end and a distal end. The longitudinal member is configured to be located near a tissue region in a body of a patient. A measuring device is configured and sized to be located proximal to the distal end of the longitudinal member. The measuring device includes a magnetic sensor configured to measure biomagnetism and output magnetic flux data. A signal processing device is coupled to the magnetic sensor and configured to convert the output magnetic flux data to a digital representation of the output magnetic flux data. A method of measuring electrical activity using the apparatus is also disclosed.

A system for determining the position of a pig located inside a pipe including a magnetic field source attached to the pig; at least one magnetic field sensor provided on the outside of the pipe and configured to measure magnetic field parameters; and a processor configured to receive magnetic field parameters from the at least one magnetic field sensor and computing a position of the magnetic field source relative to a given reference position. The method includes: establishing a magnetic field representation of the magnetic field provided by the magnetic field source; in-situ measuring at least two magnetic field parameters outside the pipe with a magnetic field sensor at a measuring position relative to the reference position; computing the source position of the magnetic field source relative to the reference position based on data comprising the in-situ measured magnetic field parameters and the magnetic field representation.

A system for determining the position of a pig located inside a pipe including a magnetic field source attached to the pig; at least one magnetic field sensor provided on the outside of the pipe and configured to measure magnetic field parameters; and a processor configured to receive magnetic field parameters from the at least one magnetic field sensor and computing a position of the magnetic field source relative to a given reference position. The method includes: establishing a magnetic field representation of the magnetic field provided by the magnetic field source; in-situ measuring at least two magnetic field parameters outside the pipe with a magnetic field sensor at a measuring position relative to the reference position; computing the source position of the magnetic field source relative to the reference position based on data comprising the in-situ measured magnetic field parameters and the magnetic field representation.