A magnetic particle imaging system includes a field free region generator and an excited magnetic field generator. The field free region generator generates a field free line with a direction of linear extension of a field free region as a direction of extension. The excited magnetic field generator generates an excited magnetic field in the field free line generated by the field free region generator. The excited magnetic field generator includes a first excited magnetic field generation unit and a second excited magnetic field generation unit. The first excited magnetic field generation unit and the second excited magnetic field generation unit are spaced from each other in the direction of extension of the field free line.

A magnetic particle imaging system includes a field free region generator and an excited magnetic field generator. The field free region generator generates a field free line with a direction of linear extension of a field free region as a direction of extension. The excited magnetic field generator generates an excited magnetic field in the field free line generated by the field free region generator. The excited magnetic field generator includes a first excited magnetic field generation unit and a second excited magnetic field generation unit. The first excited magnetic field generation unit and the second excited magnetic field generation unit are spaced from each other in the direction of extension of the field free line.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to radiotherapy systems. An exemplary radiotherapy system may comprise a radiotherapy output configured to deliver a charged particle beam to a patient. The system may also comprise a detector array. The detector array may have an axis that extends parallel to an axis along which the charged particle beam is delivered by the radiotherapy output. The detector array may comprise a plurality of detectors configured to detect a magnetic field generated by the charged particle beam during delivery of the charged particle beam from the radiotherapy output.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to radiotherapy systems. An exemplary radiotherapy system may comprise a radiotherapy output configured to deliver a charged particle beam to a patient. The system may also comprise a detector array. The detector array may have an axis that extends parallel to an axis along which the charged particle beam is delivered by the radiotherapy output. The detector array may comprise a plurality of detectors configured to detect a magnetic field generated by the charged particle beam during delivery of the charged particle beam from the radiotherapy output.

Provided is a space-time fractional conductivity modeling and simulation method of two-phase conducting media, including: 1) setting a simulated computation area, setting electric field or magnetic field distribution nodes in the simulated computation area, and setting an artificial current source at the origin of coordinates; 2) selecting a shape function in the entire computation area by a meshless method, and setting shape function parameters, Gaussian integral parameters, electromagnetic parameters, distance between the transmitting system and the receiving system, and the range of the frozen soil layer; 3) loading a first computation point and searching for nodes in the radius of the support domain, discretizing the definite integral by a 4-point Gaussian integral equation, then interpolating and summing to obtain the fractional derivative of the shape function, assigning the shape function result to the corresponding position of the large sparse matrix in the spatial fractional electric field diffusion equation.

Provided is a space-time fractional conductivity modeling and simulation method of two-phase conducting media, including: 1) setting a simulated computation area, setting electric field or magnetic field distribution nodes in the simulated computation area, and setting an artificial current source at the origin of coordinates; 2) selecting a shape function in the entire computation area by a meshless method, and setting shape function parameters, Gaussian integral parameters, electromagnetic parameters, distance between the transmitting system and the receiving system, and the range of the frozen soil layer; 3) loading a first computation point and searching for nodes in the radius of the support domain, discretizing the definite integral by a 4-point Gaussian integral equation, then interpolating and summing to obtain the fractional derivative of the shape function, assigning the shape function result to the corresponding position of the large sparse matrix in the spatial fractional electric field diffusion equation.

Vehicle position is determined using magnetic field measurements within an indoor environment. Magnetic field measurements and sensor information are obtained from the vehicle and magnetic map information is obtained for the indoor environment. Parameters of vehicle motion are derived from the sensor information. The magnetic field measurements are processed to mitigate vehicular interference and then compensated for a magnetometer bias induced at least in part by the vehicle. Vehicle position is determined based at least in part on the compensated magnetic field magnetic measurements, the magnetic map information and the parameters of vehicle motion.

Vehicle position is determined using magnetic field measurements within an indoor environment. Magnetic field measurements and sensor information are obtained from the vehicle and magnetic map information is obtained for the indoor environment. Parameters of vehicle motion are derived from the sensor information. The magnetic field measurements are processed to mitigate vehicular interference and then compensated for a magnetometer bias induced at least in part by the vehicle. Vehicle position is determined based at least in part on the compensated magnetic field magnetic measurements, the magnetic map information and the parameters of vehicle motion.

In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a first magnetometer that measures a magnetic field. The apparatus includes a second magnetometer that measures the magnetic field. The first and second magnetometer are positioned a predetermined distance apart from each other in a direction. The apparatus includes computer-readable media embodying logic that access a first measurement of the magnetic field by the first magnetometer at a first time and a second measurement of the magnetic field by the second magnetometer at a second time. The logic compares the first measurement with the second measurement and, based at least in part on the comparison, determines that the first measurement approximately coincides with the second measurement. Based at least in part on the coincidence, the logic determines that a device comprising the apparatus has traversed the predetermined distance in the direction that they are positioned apart from each other.

A magnetic sensor device with an array of magnetic sensors arranged on a common semiconductor substrate to measure the multi-axis magnetic field of an arbitrary region with high spatial resolution, reduced sensing distance, higher measurement throughput, motion tolerance, temperature tolerance, and improved manufacturing yield. A multi-axis magnetic sensor array device fabricated on a common semiconductor substrate is optimized offering additional improvements to reduce measurement time, increase spatial resolution uniformity, and lower thermal compensation cost. Further, the central area of a surface is utilized to measure the normal magnetic field. A perimeter of Hall effect plates measuring the components of the magnetic field in the plane of the measuring surface, which allows for a very high density of normal field measurements allows calculation of the in-plane field components. Error along the edges can be mitigated with the in-plane measured components.