Provided is a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. The method comprises: hot rolling a slab to obtain a hot rolled sheet; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to hot band annealing as necessary; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to cold rolling; subjecting the cold rolled sheet to decarburization annealing; applying an annealing separator having MgO as a main component onto a surface of the decarburization annealed sheet and subjecting the decarburization annealed sheet to final annealing to form the forsterite film; and applying an insulating coating treatment liquid onto the final annealed sheet and subjecting the final annealed sheet to flattening annealing to form a tension-applying insulating coating. A difference in total tensions between one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is less than 0.5 MPa. A difference in tensions between the forsterite films in one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is 0.5 MPa or more.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. The method comprises: hot rolling a slab to obtain a hot rolled sheet; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to hot band annealing as necessary; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to cold rolling; subjecting the cold rolled sheet to decarburization annealing; applying an annealing separator having MgO as a main component onto a surface of the decarburization annealed sheet and subjecting the decarburization annealed sheet to final annealing to form the forsterite film; and applying an insulating coating treatment liquid onto the final annealed sheet and subjecting the final annealed sheet to flattening annealing to form a tension-applying insulating coating. A difference in total tensions between one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is less than 0.5 MPa. A difference in tensions between the forsterite films in one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is 0.5 MPa or more.

In at least one illustrative embodiment, a method for contaminant detection includes distributing multiple magnetostrictive sensors on a nonmagnetic index plate. The index plate includes multiple wells formed in a top surface that are each sized to receive a magnetostrictive sensor. The method further includes placing a magnetic backing plate below the index plate, inverting the index plate and the magnetic backing plate, and then placing the inverted index plate on a sample surface. The sample surface may be two-dimensional food such as fresh vegetable leaves. The method may further include placing the index plate and the magnetic backing plate on a nonmagnetic cover plate that is positioned above a sensor coil. The method further includes removing the magnetic backing plate, removing the index plate, and applying a varying magnetic field with the sensor coil to a magnetostrictive sensor positioned on the cover plate. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Systems and methods are presented for cancelling noise from sensed magnetostriction-based strain measurements. A drive signal corresponds to a drive coil, and a sensed signal corresponds to a sensed coil. The drive signal is used to at least partially eliminate noise similar to the drive signal from the sensed signal to generate an output signal.

A magnetic field measuring device with a holding body and a plurality of magnetoelectric cantilever sensors, each of which is designed to output one electrical voltage signal while it bends in the presence of a magnetic field, the cantilever sensors being non-positively connected or bonded to the holding body.

A magnetic field measuring device with a holding body and a plurality of magnetoelectric cantilever sensors, each of which is designed to output one electrical voltage signal while it bends in the presence of a magnetic field, the cantilever sensors being non-positively connected or bonded to the holding body.

A system and method for design and operation an acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance (ADFMR) based sensor for measuring electromagnetic fields that includes: a power source providing an electrical signal to an ADFMR circuit, sensitive to electromagnetic fields, wherein the ADFMR circuit comprises an ADFMR device. The system detect and measure external electromagnetic (EM) fields by measuring a perturbation of the electrical signal through the ADFMR circuit due to the EM fields. The system and method may function to facilitate the design and operation of a chip-scale ADFMR device usable to measure EM fields.

Magnetoelectric devices based on piezoelectric/magnetostrictive bilayers are provided. Also provided are methods of using the devices to modulate or to sense the magnetization of the magnetostrictive material. The devices include an island of magnetostrictive material that is strain-coupled to a thin layer of a piezoelectric material at an interface. A bottom electrode is placed in electrical communication with one surface of the piezoelectric film, and an unpaired top electrode is placed in electrical communication with a second, opposing surface of the piezoelectric film.

A magnetic field measuring device having a cantilevered, mechanically vibratable, rectangular substrate strip, at least one flat side of the substrate strip being coated with a magnetostrictive material system, further having drive means designed for the temporally periodic exertion of a force component directed perpendicular to the flat sides of the substrate strip on at least one part of a flat side of the substrate strip with a predetermined excitation frequency and having a detection device for detecting an electrical signal generated by the vibration of the substrate strip, wherein a. the substrate strip is formed from a material with a modulus of elasticity greater than 5 GPa and b. the excitation frequency is set up as a function of the dimensions of the substrate strip in such a way that the substrate strip oscillates in mechanical resonance and forms a U-mode, and c. the detection device has an induction coil which surrounds the substrate strip in a contactless manner and has a coil axis aligned along the substrate strip.

An acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance (ADFMR) device includes a piezoelectric element, a pair of transducers arranged to activate the piezoelectric element to generate an acoustic wave, a magnetostrictive element arranged to receive the acoustic wave, and a readout circuit to detect one of either a change in the magnetostrictive element or a change in the acoustic wave.