Systems and methods for measurement and management provide complex measurements cost-effectively at very high accuracy. These methods and systems in some cases achieve measurement accuracy exceeding the accuracy of the reference standards they rely on, and eliminate expensive and disadvantageous recalibration procedures. The accurate measurements are integrated with management functions, applying the measurement data to meet objectives of the integrated system and workflow goals of its user. The disclosed systems and methods comprise an explicit or expressly represented model both of themselves and of candidate external systems to be measured and managed. The models may be configured and reconfigured by the owner-user through either local or remote means. The system intelligently reconfigures itself to adapt dynamically to the conditions of measurement and the user's and system's goals at each moment. In an embodiment, the system includes high-accuracy and reconfigurable components including a meter or control head adapted for user precision assembly and maintenance that computes and displays or communicates the measurements, displaying measurements in desired units, grouping functions according to ergonomic and cognitive principles based on the activity and workflow of a user in relation to the internal model. The use of models permits the system to compute and provide complex and inferred measurements of ultimate interest to the user, including quantities that cannot be directed measured and only can be determined through reasoning or computation by applying models to raw measurement data. The precision-assembly modular electromechanical design further permits an owner-user to precisely assemble, maintain, modify the apparatus and calibrate the equipment for accuracy.

A circuit arrangement (10) for evaluating the output signal of an inductive or capacitive proximity switch (105) for switching processes in the low to medium frequency range, comprising a transistor (T) in an emitter circuit, the base of which can be fed an input signal (Vdem), at the collector of which an output signal (Vs) characterising a switching process can be tapped off and the emitter of which is set to a predefined potential (VRef), is characterised in that a coupling capacitor (Ck) is connected between emitter and base which transmits interfering brief voltage peaks at the base directly to the emitter.

A method for checking the functionality of the voltage monitoring of a circuit is presented and described. The method includes a computing unit sending a test signal to a voltage source, which causes a change in the voltage of the voltage source. A comparison unit compares the voltage at the output of the voltage source with a reference voltage and sends a shutdown signal to a switch if the voltage at the output of the voltage source is outside a predetermined tolerance range. The switch interrupts the flow of current when it receives a shutdown signal, causing the voltage after the switch to drop.

According to the invention, the computing unit measures the voltage after the switch and draws conclusions about the functionality of the voltage monitor based on this voltage.

A calibration method of calibrating a test instrument includes the following: consecutively connecting a set of calibration standards to at least one port and performing a calibration measurement for each calibration standard connected, thereby obtaining a first set of measurement data; determining, based on a multi-port error model and the first set of measurement data, a plurality of error terms of the multi-port error model, wherein at least one of the error terms includes a product of two error parameters; connecting an additional calibration standard to the at least one port; performing a calibration measurement with the additional calibration standard connected, thereby obtaining a second set of measurement data; and determining the two error parameters based on the second set of measurement data. Further, a calibration system is described.

An active eye open monitor calibration apparatus and method for active eye open monitor calibration are provided. A reference clock signal and an eye open monitor clock signal are received and a calibration selecting signal is used to control whether the reference clock signal samples the eye open monitor clock signal. An indicator signal is output and received by a phase indicating determination circuit for performing a calibration flow and accordingly calculating a phase offset signal. The eye open monitor clock is corrected based on the phase offset signal, such that a calibrated eye open monitor clock signal is synchronously in phase with the reference clock signal. By employing the proposed eye open monitor calibration apparatus and method thereof, the invention is effective in achieving phase synchronization for an eye open monitor clock signal in related to its reference clock signal, solving the phase mismatch in the related arts.

The present disclosure provides a calibration system for a measurement application device, the calibration system comprising a port calibration unit for each one of at least two ports of the measurement application device, and a central switching unit that comprises an input port for each one of the port calibration units and controllably couples at least two of the input ports to each other in pairs, wherein each one of the port calibration units comprises a device coupling port for coupling the respective port calibration unit to the respective port of the measurement application device, and a central coupling port for coupling the respective port calibration unit to the respective input port of the central switching unit, and wherein each one of the port calibration units comprises a calibration section, and a switching section. The present disclosure further provides a respective method.

Within electrical test equipment systems comparator bridges are employed to provide the required dynamic range, accuracy, and flexibility. However, whilst bridge based measurement configurations remove many of the issues associated with making measurements at accuracies of sub-parts, a part, or few parts per million they still require, in many instances, that a null point be determined where the bridge is balanced. However, this becomes increasingly difficult within electrically noisy environments, with modern digital multimeters, and where the desired measurement point within the electrical system is physically difficult to access particularly when improved accuracy in calibration, standards, and measurements on circuits and components means measurement systems must operate at 50 parts per billion (ppb) and below. In order to address this, a null detector design is provided supporting operation within such electrically noisy environments with physical separation of the null detector measurement circuit from the electrical test equipment.

An apparatus or method for calibrating a battery emulator is proposed. The battery emulator emulates a plurality of cells connected in series, wherein each emulated cell has taps over which at least one emulated quantity is tapped, wherein the apparatus comprises a switching apparatus via which a calibration standard is switchably connectable with different taps.

The present disclosure relates to a test and/or measurement system. The test and/or measurement system comprises a base unit which comprises: an LO signal source configured to generate an LO signal, a first LO port and a second LO port, wherein the LO signal source is connected to the first LO port and the second LO port, and an LO measurement device. The test and/or measurement system further comprises: a first external frontend which is connected to the first LO port of the base unit via a first cable, and which is configured to receive a first fraction of the LO signal from the first LO port, wherein the first external frontend comprises one or more calibration standards; and a second external frontend which is connected to the second LO port of the base unit via a second cable, and which is configured to receive a second fraction of the LO signal from the second LO port, wherein the second external frontend comprises one or more calibration standards. The test and/or measurement system is operable in a calibration mode in which: the first external frontend is configured to connect the first LO port with one of its one or more calibration standards, the second external frontend is configured to connect the second LO port with one of its one or more calibration standards, and the LO measurement device is configured to measure: the LO signal which is generated by the LO signal source, a reflection of the first fraction of the LO signal received at the first LO port, and a reflection of the second fraction of the LO signal received at the second LO port.

Systems and methods for implementing calibration of an integrated current sensor are described. A reference current can be applied to a sense resistor in a current sensing circuit. The reference current can be copied to generate a mirrored current. A magnitude of the reference current can be determined based on the mirrored current. A voltage drop across the sense resistor can be measured. A gain of the current sensing circuit can be determined based on the determined magnitude of the reference current and the measured voltage drop.